AP Psychology - Chapter 8 ~ Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development

Infancy

Trust vs. Mistrust

• If needs met dependably, infants develop sense of trust

Toddler

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Control)

• Learn to do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities and rely on others; ‘No!‘

Preschool

Initiative vs. Guilt (Curiosity)

• Learn to take initiative, or they feel guilty about trying to be independent; ‘Why?‘

Elementary

Competence vs. Inferiority

• Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves, or they feel inferior and lose interest

Adolescence

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Teens refine a sense of identity, or become confused as to who they are

Early adulthood

Intimacy vs. Isolation

• Form close relationships, or feel socially isolated

Middle adulthood

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Direction of life)

• Discover a sense of doing something meaningful or feel a lack of purpose

Late adulthood

Integrity vs. Despair (Pass/Fail)

• Looking back, satisfaction or failure