Atomic Structure

What is the relative charge on a proton?

The relative charge on a proton is +1.

What is the relative charge on a neutron?

The relative charge on a neutron is 0, meaning it is electrically neutral.

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

The relative mass of a neutron is approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu), making it similar in mass to a proton.

What type of force holds the nucleus and electrons together?

The force that hold the nucleus and electrons together is electrostatic.

Why is a beryllium atom electrically neutral?

It is electrically neutral because it has the same protons and electrons meaning its relative charge is zero.

What observation proved that cathode rays carry a negative charge?

The rays bent towards a positively charged metal plate during J.J. Thomson's investigation.

What was the first sub-atomic particle to be discovered?

The electron, which was discovered by J.J. Thomson in $1897$.

How is the atom structured according to J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model?

The atom is a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded inside it.

How did the plum pudding model account for an atom having no overall charge?

The negative charge of the embedded electrons balances the positive charge of the surrounding sphere.

What is one limitation of using a real plum pudding as an analogy for Thomson's model?

Real plums and pudding have no electrical charge, unlike the negatively charged electrons and positively charged sphere in the model.

Relative charge on an electron

$$-1$$

Relative mass of an electron

Approximately $\frac{1}{1840}\,amu$

What observation in Thomson's experiment proving cathode rays carry negative charge?

The rays deflected toward a positively charged metal plate

What was the first sub-atomic particle to be discovered?

The electron, discovered by J.J. Thomson in $1897$

What was the atomic structure according to J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model?

A sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons floating inside it

What was Rutherford’s conclusion to his particle scattering experiment?

An atom consists mostly of empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus

What does Protons plus neutrons make?

The Nucleon number.

In an atom are protons and electrons are?

The Same.

What makes mercury a metal?

Because its in the metal group in the periodic table.

How many protons are in a sulfur atom?

16 Protons.

What makes a good particle model?

Elements are clearly drawn and labeled.

How deep is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?

27km deep