lecture 19b Fatty Acid Oxidation Review

These flashcards focus on the key concepts and processes involved in fatty acid oxidation, including hormonal regulation, metabolic pathways, and enzymatic functions.

Fatty Acids are hormonally mobilized from stored triglycerides when blood glucose levels are __.

low (high glucagon levels)

The process by which fatty acids are attached to CoA for transport into the mitochondrial matrix is called __.

activation

Beta-oxidation is the process of breaking down fatty acids in the __.

mitochondrial matrix

Malonyl CoA inhibits the import of fatty acyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix during __ state.

fed

The main fuel for red blood cells and the brain is __.

glucose

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is activated by __ in adipocytes.

PKA (Protein Kinase A)

Glycerol released during TAG lipolysis is used as a substrate for __ or glycolysis in the liver.

gluconeogenesis

One serum __ can carry 7 or more free fatty acids in the blood.

albumin

The first enzyme in beta-oxidation that forms FADH2 is __.

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

The activation of fatty acids by Fatty Acyl CoA synthetase costs __ high-energy phosphates.

two (ATP to AMP)

Propionyl CoA is derived from the degradation of fatty acids with an __ number of carbons.

odd

Insulin, during the fed state, __ hormone sensitive lipase activity.

inhibits

Carnitine Acyl Transferase-I (CAT-1) swaps CoA with a __ group on the FA for transport.

carnitine

Beta-oxidation generates __ and FADH2 as it degrades fatty acids.

NADH

Very long chain fatty acids are oxidized in the __.

peroxisomes

Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver when Acetyl CoA levels __.

increase beyond use by the TCA cycle

During fasting, the liver relies on the oxidation of free fatty acids to provide energy required for __.

gluconeogenesis

The complete oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA generates approximately __ ATP.

106

Fatty acid synthesis is favored when the energy cell charge is __.

high

At the end of beta-oxidation, a two-carbon unit is released as __.

Acetyl CoA

The enzyme required for the carboxylation of propionyl CoA is __.

Propionyl CoA carboxylase