BIOFEEDBACK

PAE 1ST QUIZ FOR FINALS

BIOFEEDBACK

Uses electromechanical device to provide visual and/or auditory feedback related to the amount of electrical activity detected

TYPES OF BIOFEEDBACK

• Myoelectric / electromyographic biofeedback

• Respiratory biofeedback

• Lumbar stabilizer biofeedback

• Sphincter control biofeedback

• Temperature and bloodflow biofeedback

• Electroencephalographic biofeedback

CONCEPTUALIZATION

Understanding the principles and mechanisms underlying the biofeedback training

SKILL ACQUISITION

Learning and mastering the technique and strategies used in biofeedback

TRANSFER OF TRAINING

Application of biofeedback skills and strategies learned in therapy to functional tasks

HABITUATION

Process of becoming accustomed to biofeedback techniques as automatic or habitual responses

THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS

• Decreased accessory muscle use

• Decreased muscle spasm

• Decreased pain

• Improved muscle strength

• Neuromuscular control

• Muscle relaxation

• Muscle re-education

INDICATIONS

• Muscle spasm

• Pain

• SCI

• Urinary incontinence

• Bowel incontinence

• Improve neuromuscular control

• Muscle weakness

• Hemiplegia

• Promote relaxation

CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Skin irritation at the electrode site

• Any condition where muscle contraction is detrimental

• Impaired Mental Cognition

LASER stands for

Light Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

MASER stands for

Microwave Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

High power lasers

have been adopted for medical applications.

Laser Lights

500-1100 nm

(depth of penetration)

30-40 mm deep

Power Density

light intensity can be expressed in terms of power, watts/miliwatts/mW/cm2

Energy

Power multiplied by the time of application (Joules)

Energy Density

Fluence, amount of power per unit area (J/cm2)

LED (Light-Emitting Diode)

Provide most diffuse light with the widest frequency range and are of low power individually

SLD (Superluminscent Diode)

Provide light that is less diffuse and of narrower WL, emits higher power than LEDs

Laser diodes

provide light of a single WL that is concentrated

INDICATIONS for laser

• Tissue Healing

• Arthritis

• Neurological Conditions

• Lymphedema

• Pain management

CONTRAINDICATIONS for laser

• Direct irradiation of the eyes

• Malignancy

• With 4-6 mos after radiotherapy

• Over hemorrhaging regions

• Over thyroid & endocrine glands

PRECAUTIONS for laser

• Low back and abdomen during pregnancy

• Epiphyseal plates in children

• Impaired sensation/mentation

• Photophobia/ pretreatment with photosensitizers

HOT LASERS ADVANTAGES

• Beam is sterile

• Allows fine control

• Cauterizes

• Produces less scaring

HOT LASER DISADVANTAGES

Can destroy tissue directly in the beam