Separation Techniques and Water Treatment

These flashcards cover key concepts related to separation techniques, water treatment processes, and the properties of solvents and solutes.

What is simple distillation used for in chemistry?

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution, such as extracting water from saltwater.

What is fractional distillation?

Fractional distillation is a method used to separate a mixture of different liquids based on their boiling points.

What is the principle behind crystallization?

Crystallization is the process of separating a soluble solid from a liquid when the solution is heated and then cooled, allowing crystals to form.

What is paper chromatography used for?

Paper chromatography is used to separate different substances in a mixture, such as dyes in inks.

What are the three steps involved in water treatment?

The three steps are sedimentation (large particles sink), filtration (removal of small insoluble particles), and chlorination (killing microbes with chlorine gas).

Why is tap water considered not pure?

Tap water is not considered pure because it contains dissolved salts and chlorine.

What does the term 'solvent' refer to?

The solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute; for example, water in a saltwater solution.

What happens during the evaporation process in simple distillation?

During evaporation, the liquid is heated to turn into vapor, which is then cooled to condense back into liquid.

What does a pure compound produce in chromatography?

A pure compound produces a single spot in all solvents during chromatography.

What is the importance of using water that does not contain dissolved salts in analysis?

As it could react with the substances used in analysis. Also the product formed in the reaction could interfere with the analysis giving a false result.