chapter 8- test 2

15th amendment

says the right to vote cant be taken away, said that slaves and indentured servants could vote

19th amendment

women can vote

23rd amendment

allows people who live in dc to vote, gets 3 electoral college votes

26th amendment

gives 18 year olds the right to vote since 18 year olds could get drafted

what factors effect voting

most important are education (says if you are or arent going to vote) and age (the older you are the more likely you are to vote)

other factors are wealth, gender, race, geographical region, and community ties

impacts on voting

social economics and income, and the get out the vote and ground game, how people persuade you to vote

what is direct mobilization and indirect mobilization

direct mobilization is asking ppl to vote, which makes you more likely to vote

indirect mobilization is using network of friends to get ppl to vote

what does the get out the vote or ground game do

you go knocking on peoples doors or in person telling them to vote

why do we have low turnout

people are too busy, hard registration, number of elections, voter attitude, closed polling (you can only vote in one place)

what is prospective voting

you choose candidates based off what they say they will do in the office

what is retrospective voting

when you vote based off of past performances

what are single issue voters

votes who based off one issue regardless of their stances on other issues, most people vote this way

what is electoral college and winner takes all

the body that votes to select the president and vp based on popular vote in each state

48 states have winner takes all, so if majority votes goes to one candidate then they all go to the candidate, to win they need 270 votes

how is the electoral college calculated

its calculated by adding 2 votes to the states number of house members says each state gets at least 3 votes. but this encourages campaigning in only the states that get more votes, they also go for swing states to better their chances of winning

how are maine and nebraska unusual

they allow their house of reps districts to count separately, they have to follow state laws

what is a general election

the election in which votes cast ballots of house members senators, and every 4 years a president and vp

what is plurality voting

a voting system in which the candidate who receives the most votes regardless of whether the candidate wins a majority (more than half) of the votes

what is majority voting

a voting system in which a candidate must win more than 50% of the votes to win the election, if no candidate wins enough votes to take office a runoff election is held between the 2 top vote getters

what is a runoff election

under a majority voting system a second election is held if no candidate wins a majority of the vote in the first general election, only the top 2 voted get to compete

what is a proportional allocation

during the primaries the practice of determining the number of convention delegates allotted to each candidates based on the percentage of popular vote cast for each candidate

what is a popular vote

the votes cast by citizens in an election

what is paradox of voting

phenomenon where, despite the minimal impact of an individual vote on electoral outcomes, citizens still choose to participate in voting

what are voting cues

if a person is older, the more educated, their party

what is an election cycle

the 2 year period between general election

what are electoral votes

votes cast by members of the electoral college after a presidential candidate wins the popular vote in a given state the candidates slate of electors casts the electoral votes for the candidate on behalf of the state

what is federal election commission

the government agency that enforces and regulates elections laws, made up of 6 presidential appointees and there cant be any more of 3 members from each party

what is hard money

donates used to help elect or defeat a specific candidate

what is soft money

contributes that can be used for voter mobilization or to promote a policy proposal or point of view as long as its not tied to a specific candidate

but people will try to loophold this by saying vote for this idea which is kinda obvious which candidate supports it

what is an election

An election is a democratic procedure through which one or more persons are chosen as executives or representatives in certain bodies

whats a 501c 501 c 3 and 4

refers to the IRS tax code, says that a tax exempt group can engage in some political activity depending on the type of group

501c 3 is religious, charitable, scientific and educational groups that cant engage in political activity but they can engage in voter registration,

501c 4 is social welfare organization which can participate in campaigns and they don’t have to say who their donors are, they typically pop up and say they will do something but only engage in politics and close down once election is over

what is campaigning

Campaigning is the process of organizing a planned series of activities over a period of time to achieve a specific political, social, or commercial goal. It involves mobilizing public support, raising awareness, and influencing the policies or practices of governments, organizations, and the general public.

elections rules

we have different elections for each position in government such as house gets elected every 2 years pres and vp every 4 and senate is 6. elections are on a fixed day, winner takes all elections, at first only white landowning males could vote but they added amendments to allow more groups to vote

what is a single member district

is an electoral district that sends one office holder to a body by federal law all members of the congress are elected from single member districts, voters cast ballot for a single candidate and the person with the most votes wins