Exam 1: Cerebellum, Cerebrum, & Cerebral Cortex

cerebellum (location? function? composed of?)

• Location: ventral to the cerebrum

• Main functions: plays a vital role in motor control, coordination (walking, posture, fine-tuned movement), and cognitive functions such as attention and language

  • Specialized Purkinje cells - GABA-ergic/inhibitory cells involved in movement regulation

What are the parts of the cerebrum?

• frontal lobe

• temporal lobe

• occipital lobe

• parietal lobe

frontal lobe

motor control, planning/decision making, language, and personality/emotion

temporal lobe

hearing, memory, language comprehension, and emotion processing

occipital lobe

vision and processing visual information

parietal lobe

sensory perception (touch, pain, temperature), body awareness, and language understanding

What are the central sulci that separate the lobes?

• Central (Rolandic) sulcus - separates the frontal and parietal lobes

• Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) - separates the frontal/parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

Brodmann’s areas

• used to divide the cerebral cortex

• the basic concept of the atlas

• defined at the beginning of the 20th century based on the cell architecture (cytoarchitectonics) of different cortical regions and gross anatomy

• came up with 52 cortical areas that have specific cell characteristics and functions

What are the different ways of labeling the primary visual cortex?

• V1 - the primary visual cortex

• BA17 - Brodmann’s area 17 

• Its location: the calcarine fissure (seen in the medial view of the occipital cortex)

• The striate cortex - line (“stria”) of Gennari is visible and defines V1