Functions and Anatomy of the Kidneys

These flashcards cover important concepts and definitions related to kidney structure and function as outlined in the provided lecture notes.

What is the primary function of the kidneys related to extracellular fluid volume?

Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.

Name the two main structures of the urinary system.

Kidneys and accessory structures.

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

The nephron.

How much urine does the kidney process daily on average?

Approximately 180 liters of filtrate per day.

What are the main processes of the kidney?

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.

What is the role of the proximal tubule in the nephron?

Reabsorbs about 70% of the filtrate, including solutes and water.

What kind of transport mechanisms are involved in tubular reabsorption?

Reabsorption may be active or passive.

Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

The volume of fluid filtered from the renal glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule per unit time.

What influences glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Net filtration pressure, renal blood flow, and blood pressure.

What is micturition?

The process of urination.