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years of the civil war
1861-1865
what was the free soil party made to combat
slavery
what was the saying of the free soil party
“free soil,free speech, free labor,free men”
during 1800 and 1860 how many slaves were brought to plantations
800,000
Underground Railroad
Secret network of people who aided slaves running away to the north
Harriet Tubman -
a runaway slave ( known as a conductor ) made 19 trips and helped 300 slaves escape
Compromise of 1850
Admitted California as a free state
“popular sovereignty”
state can choose to have slavery or not
Fugitive Slave Law
Allowed for a large fine for anybody to resist or refuse to assist in recapture of suspected runaways
Kansas - Nebraska Act
Created two new territories Kansas and Nebraska
John Brown
, attacked and killed 5 proslavery men, tried to start slave rebellion
what was bleeding summer
Massachusetts senator charles sumner gave 2 day long long speech bashing those in the Senate that supported slavery
He was particularly abusive towards South Carolina Senator Andre Butler
The next day, Congressman Preston Brooks who was the nephew of South Carolina’s Andrew Butler, attackedSumner and beat him over the head until it broke
who founded the Republican party
Horace Gressley
what 2 things did the Republican party oppose
slavery and the kansas nebraska Act
what is the dred Scott case ?
Missouri slave that had lived free territory of Illinois for 7 years
Master died and he wanted to be declared free
he wasn’t Declared free
MIssouri Compromise was formed
Harpers Ferry
unsuccessful Attempt to capture federal armory in Virginia and distribute arms to slaves to start rebellion
started by John Brown
what happened to Abe Lincoln in the election of 1860
Doesn't win a single electoral vote from the south
who is the first state to secede from the union on December 20, 1860
South Carolina
what did the confederacy believe about each state
sovereign and independent
who was the president of the confederacy
Jefferson Davis
what battle started the civil war
battle of fort Sumter
what was the strategy of the North to win the civil war
Anaconda Plan
Blockade southern ports
Seize mississippi river and split confederacy in wto
Capture confederate Richomnd , Virginia
what was the south’s plan to win the civil war
Defend itself
Attack union if opportunity arises
what were the advantages of the Union Army
more Industrialized
-97% of firearm production was made in the north
- 70% the of railroads
-Possessed more natural resources (iron and coal)
what were the advantages of the confederate army ?
Were fighting for their way of life
-Immense size of South made it difficult to take over
-Economy dependent on slaves allowed white population to be mobilized for war
what was the Battle of Bull Run
Confederate army gains upper hand after being inspired by General Thomas J.Jackson (“Stonewall Jackson” )
South’s first victory of the war
what was the date that the declaration of independence was adopted
July 4,1776
Years of revolutionary war
1775-1783
Years of war of 1812
1812-1815
Years of mexican american war
1846-1848
Ulysses S.Grant
Union general that was West Point Graduate
Invaded western Tennessee and captured 2 strategic fort 2 strategic forts on important rivers
what does the Union Army learn at the Battle of Shiloh
they need to dig trenches, send out scouts, and build fortifications
Great Locomotive Chase
Union spies capture a southern train named the General
They begin heading north to Chattanooga doing as much damage as they could to the rail line
David G. Farragut
Union fleet commander (NAVY)
Captures New Orleans Confederacy's largest city and busiest port
what was a ironclad
New type of ship protected by iron or steel plates
Could withstand cannon fire and resist burning
Name of the South’s Ironclad
Merrimack
Name of the North’s ironclad
monitor duel
conscription
Wealthy could pay for somebody to fight in their place if drafted
what did the Confederates wear ? and what was their nickname
‘Johnny Reb”
Soldiers wore grey or butternut (brown) uniforms
what did the Union Army wear ? and what was their nickname
“Billy Yank”
Soldiers wore dark navy uniforms and light blue pants
what gun did the Confederates use ?
the Enfield rifle
what gun did the Union Army use ?
Springfield rifle
Who was the very careful commander of the U.S Army
George McClellan
Robert E. Lee
west point graduate
Had been offered to head the Union army but declined
He chose to fight for his home state of Virginia
served as confederate general
Antietam
Robert E. Lee Clashes with McClean and results in bloodiest single day battle in American History
Emancipation Proclamation -
freed all slaves in Confederate States
also authorized African Americans to enlist in Union Army
what was the reaction to the emancipation proclamation
north especially immigrants , didn’t approve out of fear of losing jobs to blacks
Confederates viewed winning the war as the only way to keep their way of life
habeas corpus -
allowed people jailed without due process
Copperheads
Northern democrats who wanted peace with south
H.L Hunley
First combat submarine to sink a warship
Chancellorsville
Confederates biggest victory of the war
Stonewall Jackson ( Confederate General) is mistakenly shot by own men and arm is amputated
what battle is Northern turning point of the war
Gettysburg
Battle of vicksburg
Grant and Union surround Vicksburg, Mississippi one of last Southern holdouts to control Mississippi River
Grant lays siege to the city
Continue to shell city for hours each day
what caused riots during the Civil war
poor white workers ( especially Irish immigrants) became furious they had to fight due to free slaves that could then take their jobs
William Tecumseh Sherman
commander of the Union military divison
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's 2 minute speech dedicating a national cemetery to Gettysburg battlefield
total war
not only target army and government but also civilians
Sherman’s march
Marches to sea and destroyed everything along the way known as total war
Goal was to destroy South’s ability to wage war and break the will of the civilians
what does Abe Lincoln do in the election of 1864
drops Republican name and call party the National Union Party and selects Andrfew Johnson, a Democrat to attract Democratic voters
where does the Confederate army surrender and what date ?
On April 9, 1865, Appatomax courthouse
how many soldiers were killed in the civil war
620,000
what happened to the North’s economy after the Civil War
economy boomed
Money made from war industry used to invest in new business
Large - scale commercial agriculture used
what happened to the South’s economy after the Civil war ?
economy devastated
Lost form of cheap labor (slavery)
Industry and railroad destroyed during war
William H.Carney
first black person to be awarded the congressional medal of honor
How much did the South and North spend on the Civil War
3.3 Billion
what is the 13th amendment
outlawing slavery in United States of America
Clara Barton
returned to the U.S to found the AMerican Red Cross
who killed Abe Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth
what was the John Wilkes Booth assassination plan
assassinate the Lincoln,Vice - president Andrew Johnson, and the Sectary of State William Seward at the same time