Module 3 Civil War Pt 1 Military History and pt 2

years of the civil war

1861-1865

what was the free soil party made to combat

slavery

what was the saying of the free soil party

“free soil,free speech, free labor,free men”

during 1800 and 1860 how many slaves were brought to plantations 

800,000

Underground Railroad 

• Secret network of people who aided slaves running away to the north 

Harriet Tubman -

a runaway slave ( known as a conductor ) made 19 trips and helped 300 slaves escape

Compromise of 1850 

Admitted California as a free state

 “popular sovereignty”

state can choose to have slavery or not

•  Fugitive Slave Law 

• Allowed for a large fine for anybody to resist or refuse to assist in recapture of suspected runaways 

Kansas - Nebraska Act 

• Created two new territories Kansas and Nebraska

• John Brown

 , attacked and killed 5 proslavery men, tried to start slave rebellion 

what was bleeding summer

• Massachusetts senator charles sumner gave 2 day long long speech bashing those in the Senate that supported slavery 

• He was particularly abusive towards South Carolina Senator Andre Butler 

• The next day, Congressman Preston Brooks who was the nephew of South Carolina’s Andrew Butler, attackedSumner and beat him over the head until it broke 

who founded the Republican party

Horace Gressley

what 2 things did the Republican party oppose

slavery and the kansas nebraska Act

what is the dred Scott case ?

• Missouri slave that had lived free territory of Illinois for 7 years 

• Master died and he wanted to be declared free  

• he wasn’t Declared free 

• MIssouri Compromise was formed

Harpers Ferry 

• unsuccessful Attempt to capture federal armory in  Virginia and distribute arms to slaves to start rebellion 

• started by John Brown 

what happened to Abe Lincoln in the election of 1860

Doesn't win a single electoral vote from the south

who is the first state to secede from the union on December 20, 1860 

South Carolina 

what did the confederacy believe about each state 

sovereign and independent 

who was the president of the confederacy

Jefferson Davis

what battle started the civil war

battle of fort Sumter

what was the strategy of the North to win the civil war 

Anaconda Plan

• Blockade southern ports 

• Seize mississippi river and split confederacy in wto 

• Capture confederate Richomnd , Virginia 

what was the south’s plan to win the civil war

• Defend itself 

• Attack union if opportunity arises 

what were the advantages of the Union Army

more Industrialized 

   -97% of firearm production was made in the north

- 70% the of railroads

-Possessed more natural resources (iron and coal)

what were the advantages of the confederate army ?

Were fighting for their way of life

-Immense size of South made it difficult to take over

-Economy dependent on slaves allowed white population to be mobilized for war

what was the Battle of Bull Run

• Confederate army gains upper hand after being inspired by General Thomas J.Jackson (“Stonewall Jackson” )

• South’s first victory of the war

what was the date that the declaration of independence was adopted

July 4,1776

Years of revolutionary war 

1775-1783

Years of war of 1812 

1812-1815

Years of mexican american war 

1846-1848

Ulysses S.Grant 

• Union general that was West Point Graduate 

• Invaded western Tennessee and captured 2 strategic fort 2 strategic forts on important rivers 

what does the Union Army learn at the Battle of Shiloh 

they need to dig trenches, send out scouts, and build fortifications 

Great Locomotive Chase 

• Union spies capture a southern train named the General 

• They begin heading north to Chattanooga doing as much damage as they could to  the rail line 

David  G. Farragut 

• Union fleet commander (NAVY)

• Captures New Orleans Confederacy's largest city and busiest port 

what was a ironclad

• New type of ship protected by iron or steel plates 

• Could withstand cannon fire and resist burning 

Name of the South’s Ironclad

Merrimack

Name of the North’s ironclad

monitor duel

•  conscription 

• Wealthy could pay for somebody to fight in their place if drafted

what did the Confederates wear ? and what was their nickname 

• ‘Johnny Reb” 

• Soldiers wore grey or butternut (brown) uniforms 

what did the Union Army  wear ? and what was their nickname 

• “Billy Yank” 

• Soldiers wore dark navy uniforms and light blue pants 

what gun did the Confederates use ?

the Enfield rifle

what gun did the Union Army use ?

Springfield rifle

Who was the very careful commander of the U.S Army 

George McClellan 

Robert E. Lee 

west point graduate

• Had been offered to head the Union army but declined 

• He chose to fight for his home state of Virginia  

• served as confederate general 

Antietam 

• Robert E. Lee Clashes with McClean and results in bloodiest single day battle in American History 

• Emancipation Proclamation -

• freed all slaves in Confederate States 

• also authorized African Americans to enlist in Union Army 

what was the reaction to the emancipation proclamation

• north especially immigrants , didn’t approve out of fear of losing jobs to blacks 

• Confederates viewed winning the war as the only way to keep their way of life 

• habeas corpus -

• allowed people jailed without due process 

Copperheads 

Northern democrats who wanted peace with south

H.L Hunley 

• First combat submarine to sink a warship 

Chancellorsville 

• Confederates biggest victory of the war 

• Stonewall Jackson ( Confederate General) is mistakenly shot by own men and arm is amputated 

what battle is Northern turning point of the war

Gettysburg

Battle of vicksburg

• Grant and Union surround Vicksburg, Mississippi one of last Southern holdouts to control Mississippi River 

• Grant lays siege to the city 

• Continue to shell city for hours each day 

what caused riots during the Civil war

poor white workers ( especially Irish immigrants) became furious they had to fight due to free slaves that could then take their jobs

William Tecumseh Sherman

commander of the Union military divison

Gettysburg Address 

• Lincoln's 2 minute speech dedicating a national cemetery to Gettysburg battlefield

 total war 

not only target army and government but also civilians 

Sherman’s march 

• Marches to sea and destroyed everything along the way known as total war 

• Goal was to destroy South’s ability to wage war and break the will of the civilians 

what does Abe Lincoln do in the election of 1864 

• drops Republican name and call party  the National Union Party and selects Andrfew Johnson, a Democrat to attract Democratic voters 

where does the Confederate army surrender and what date ? 

On April 9, 1865, Appatomax courthouse 

how many soldiers were killed in the civil war

620,000

what happened to the North’s economy after the Civil War 

• economy boomed 

• Money made from war industry used to invest in new business 

• Large - scale commercial agriculture used 

what happened to the South’s economy after the Civil war ? 

•  economy devastated 

• Lost form of cheap labor (slavery) 

• Industry and railroad destroyed during war 

William H.Carney

first black person to be awarded the congressional medal of honor 

How much did the South and North spend on the Civil War 

3.3 Billion 

what is the 13th amendment 

• outlawing slavery in United States of America 

•  Clara Barton 

• returned to the U.S to found the AMerican Red Cross 

who killed Abe Lincoln

John Wilkes Booth

what was the John Wilkes Booth assassination plan

assassinate the Lincoln,Vice - president Andrew Johnson, and the Sectary of State William Seward at the same time