Biology[Module 2:Cell structure]

What are prokaryotes?

-no membrane bounded nucleus and organelles

-ex:bacteria

Structure of bacteria(capsule)

-capsule:protection from drying out

cell wall(bacteria)

structural support

cell membrane(bacteria)

selects what enters and leaves the cell

ribosome(bacteria)

protein synthesis

flagella(bacteria)

movement

mesosome (bacteria)

site of respiration

cytoplasm

site of chemical reactions

plasmid DNA(bacteria)

it has antibiotic resistance gene

naked DNA(bacteria)

has the bacterial genes

pili(bacteria)

bacteria uses it to attach to another bacteria for conjugation

What are eukaryotes?

-membrane bounded organelles and nucleus

-ex:animal,plant,fungi,proctosist

mitochondria (membrane bounded organelle)

• double membrane bounded

• produces ATP from aerobic respiration

• inner membrane is folded to provide large SA for aerobic repsiration

nucleus(membrane bounded organelle)

• double membrane bounded organelle

• stores DNA

• provides the instruction9mRNS) for protein synthesis

RER(membrane bounded organelle)

forms channels that transport proteins

SER(membrane bounded organelle)

transport+lipid synthesis

golgi apparatus(membrane bounded organelle)

transports+modifies proteins and lipids into vesicles

chloroplast (membrane bounded organelle)

• photosynthesis

• double membrane

vacuole(membrane bounded organelle)

keeps the plant turgid and prevents it from bursting

lysosome(membrane bounded organelle)

contains degestive enzymes

Non-membrane bounded organelles

-ribosome

-cytoskeleton

-cell wall

-centriole

cytoskeleton (non membrane)

• consists of microtubules/motor proteins

• hold the nucleustorganelles in place

• gives support+shape

• transports substancestorganelles using its protein motors

centriole(non membrane)

• forms spindle fibres during cell division

• consists of2 bundles of microtubules at 90 degrees

cell wall (non membrane)

made up of cellulose

ribosoms(non membrane)

contains ribosomal dna

Differences between plant & animal cell

The use of staining

-provide contrast/distinguish the organelles so a clear image can be seen

Different microscopes