Outline level of moral reasoning as a cognitive explanation to moral behaviour

Moral development

Kohlberg proposed that as children we get older their decisions and judgements about right and wrong become more sophisticated

A persons level of reasoning affects their behaviour

Kohlbergs level of moral reasoning

level 1 pre-conventional

• Punishment orientation

• Instrumental/personal gain

  level 2 conventional

• Good boy/girl orientation

• Mantenence of social order

  level 3 post-conventional

• Individual rights

• Morality of conscience

Kohlberg et al (1973)

Used a moral dilemma technique (eg Heinz dilemma) found offenders tend to be at pre-conventional level, whereas non-conventional offenders progress higher.

Pre-conventional level is characterised by:

• Need to avoid punishment and gain rewards

• Less mature childlike reasoning

  offenders may commit crime if they can get away with it or gain rewards (e.g money, respect)

Offenders more egocentric and show less empathy

Research shows that offenders are often self-centred (egocentric) and display poorer social perspective-taking skills (Chandler 1973)

Individuals who reason at a higher level tend to empathise more and exhibit behaviour such as honesty, generosity and non-violence.