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NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- an interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Civil rights group influenced by Mohandas Gandhi who believed in non-violent direct protest to gain civil rights, and organized the "Freedom Rides"

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Supreme court case overturning "separate but equal" declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Segregation

Forced separation, often by race

Thurgood Marshall

African American lawyer who headed the legal team for Brown v Board of Education

Integration

Process of bringing people of different races, religions and social classes together

Rosa Parks

African American seamstress who refused to move to the back of the bus, setting off a movement which evolved into the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955-1956 Protest by African Americans in Montgomery Alabama, against racial segregation in the bus system

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Influential civil rights movement leader who believed in peaceful non-violent change and helped establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Civil rights group who advocated non-violent resistance to fight injustice.

Social Activism

Intentional action with the goal of bringing about social change

Sit-In's

A form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met

Student non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Grass roots movement founded in 1960 by young civil rights activists

Freedom Riders

Group of activists who rode through Southern States to test their compliance with the ban on segregation on interstate buses

March on Washington (1963)

1963 demonstration in which more than 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civil rights

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Law that banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voter registration

Affirmative Action

Policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Landmark decision of the Supreme Court that upheld affirmative action

Black Power

Movement in the late 1960's that urged African Americans to use their collective political and economic power to gain equality

Malcom X

African American Muslim and civil rights activist

Stokely Carmichael

SNCC leader who coined the term "Black Power"

Black Panthers

Organization of militant African Americans founded in 1966

Earl Warren

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled on the Brown v Board of Education case

Little Rock Nine

Group of 9 African American students who enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957

Freedom Summer

1964 Civil Rights movement that attempted to register as many African Americans voters as possible in Mississippi

24th Amendment

Banned poll tax, which had been used to keep poor African Americans from voting

Jackie Robinson

First African American to play in major league baseball, for the Brooklyn Dodgers