Deviance topic 4

Media

refers to any form of communication that targets a mass audience in print or digital form. Handful of people communicate to a large audience.

New/emerging media

electronic communications depending on computer technology, like websites, blogs, apps, twitter, mobile computing, and digitized forms of traditional media. Audience can answer back

Traditional media

print, radio, cinema, television, recordings. The audience cannot reply back

Adults screen time

70 hours per week

Children screen time

52.5 hours per week

Digital divide

the difference in access to social media as well as the amount that we use.

Katz on media

the single greatest pedological (teaching) force of our time.

Media defines 3 things

social problems, shapes public debates, and defines boundaries between groups.

How does media affect our behaviour?

teaches us what to want, what to hate, how we see ourselves. Biases are also created.

Administrative approach to media

assume that media influences our thoughts and behaviour. Draws from social learning theory (Bandura and the Bobo doll).

Simulmedia

using multiple forms of media simultaneously

Trends Among Canadians

mobile computing trends younger, while the use of desktop computers trends older

The Impact of Media on Individuals and Society

For example, European media coverage of soccer hooliganism makes a clear distinction between irrational, animal

Stigmatized others in media

are presented as threats to the way of life of decent people. People on social assistance, single mothers, or those engaged in moderately deviant behaviour

Absolute others

presented as inherently evil and include those who commit exceptional crimes, such as suicide bombers, pedophiles who kill children, and children who commit acts of murder.

Digital natives

Those born in 2006 or later have never lived in a world without Facebook (launched in 2004), YouTube (launched in 2005), or Twitter (launched in 2006). A survey of more than 5000 Canadian children in grades 4 through 11 reveals that approximately one

Advertising

It has been estimated that while the average person in North America encountered 500 advertisements and brand exposures daily in the 1970s, now we are seeing more than 5000 each day (with some estimates ranging up to 20000)

The first instance of digital product placement to reach widespread public attention

when a DVD of the movie Zookeeper was placed in a rerun of the television show How I Met Your Mother

Product placements

Ads are perceived to be tuned out but we can still be subconsciously affected by them. They reduce the conscious shift from entertainment and advertisement

Hot sauce studies

Acceptable way to represent people's tendency towards violence, Giving hot sauce to people to represent giving pain to someone. They are correlational not causational.

Correlation vs causation example

Kids who watch violent tv have violent tendencies (correlation)//Do violent people just watch more violent tv (causal)

Music study with hot sauce

People who listened to violent music poured more hot sauce for others to drink (worse if it was misogynistic and if they thought the hot sauce is for women)

Critical approaches

less about interactions, more about institutions. About the structure of power and processes of social control. How the media constructs events, issues, and identities.

Examples of whitewashing in the media

For example, in the movie Aloha, Chinese

Convergence

media companies owning multiple forms of media. For instance, a single corporation may own not only several television stations, but also the cable companies that deliver the service; not only websites, but also the Internet service providers.

Conglomeration

the trend toward media companies merging, or some companies purchasing other companies to form large multinational conglomerates

Concentration

Because of convergence and conglomeration, the structure of media ownership is characterized by, a small number of corporations control most media products

Five different relationships exist

(1) the media as a cause of deviance, (2) the media as socially constructing deviance and normality, (3) the media as a tool used to commit acts of deviance, (4) the media as a site where the deviance dance is played out

Framing

how the media selects some aspects of a perceived reality, making them more salient to promote a particular definition, interpretation, or moral evaluation.

Conflict framing

conflict between countries, groups, people, etc.

Human interest

about life, social stories

Economic consequences

material causes, money, etc.

4 types of framing of femininity

feminine touch, ritualization of subordination, licensed withdrawal, infantilization.

Feminine touch framing

about feeling, hands, beauty

Ritualization of subordination

women portrayed as being under men

Licensed withdrawal

Aloofness, bimbo trope

Infantilization

women are treated Like a baby

Stereotypes about black women in media

 Mammy--> asexual, only there to support the white families/ Jezebel--> hypersexual/ Sapphire--> sharp-tongued, angry black woman

Why do tropes about black people exist in media?

They were used during the slave trade to justify slavery. Generalizations feed into racial imaginations

The solution to portray black people accurately

put black people/especially women behind the camera in roles

What should white people do?

White people should find humanities in black stories because they are expected to do the reverse

Common tropes in country music

58%: objectifying lyrics 28%: a woman’s appearance 45%: female gender roles 10%: traditional role 24%: family role 11%: distrustful/ cheater 8%: dependent on men. Women are Less likely to portray women in traditional roles, family roles, less likely to portray women as empowered Men are More likely to refer to a woman’s appearance, in tight or revealing clothing, women as objects, and to women via slang (girl, honey)

How much portrayal of masculinity is negative? How?

More than 80% of frames of masculinity are negative +Villain +Aggressor +Pervert +Philanderer (only 3

Negative pushback for having a queer main character

Ellen DeGeneres coming out of the closet

Why is queer rep going down?

Writers strike? Other reasons? Most queer characters are white and/or male

What is the main demographic of media focused on

Focused on white middle class

How are ethnic minorities framed in media?

Invisible (Background), Stereotypes (Generalizing minorities), As Social problems (antagonist), Adornment (Token minority), and White

Implications from framing ethnic minorities this way

Erased from public consciousness, Voices remain unheard in public discussions of important issues, Representations may be integrated into children’s identities, Internalization, Impact on social policy

Issues with media portrayals of indigenous people

pan-indian, (all tribes are the same), stoic Indian, redface, noble savage, violent

Media representations of indigenous people that combat stereotypes

rez dogs, smoke signals

Media portrayals of Asian women

exotic, subservient, high maintenance, money hungry

Asexual Asian trope

Accents being made fun of, Nerdy, effeminate, Sidekick, Cartoonish villain, teacher, Emasculated, Desexualized, Chinese exclusion act lead to Asians being portrayed as villains, Societal power comes at the cost of sexual power

Common Asian stereotypes

FOB (accent, culturally unaware), The sidekick (romantic relationships are relied on main white character), Nerd (model minority (awkward)), Guru(lives alone, mentor of the white character), Villain(threat to western supremacy)

Martial artists

Helps the Asian men be seen as masculine but out of a focus that they say romance as a distractions

Black women and Asian men

are considered the least desirable

Good representation of Asians

Crazy rich Asians, John Cho, The big sick, The walking dead, K

Connie Walker

she represents her own community with respect as an indigenous woman

How do we improve true crime

Ignoring tropes, lessening the focus on police enforcement (Karen Ho)

Karen Ho on the Jennifer Pan Documentary

was against watching it because she doesn't like true crime, there's a lot about crimes, heavily reliant on cops

Sarah Weinman said that the documentary was?

not apart of the community, based off of numbers, ai being used in the doc makes the truth even blurrier to see

How a case was handled vs how it was meant to be handled

Unprocessed rape kits, Not blaming victims for hate crimes (aids and 911)

Cyberdeviance

(deviant acts that are committed using computer technology).

Example of cyberdeviance

some is unique to the digital world (e.g., creating/spreading viruses and malware or using someone else's wireless signal), while other forms of deviance that occur in the online world can also occur in the offline world (e.g., bullying, watching pornography, selling illegal drugs).

Cybercrime example

In the summer of 2012, a two year undercover investigation known as "Operation Card Shop" resulted in dozens of arrests in 13 countries, including Canada (Canadian Press, 2012; US Attorney's Office, 2012). This organized crime ring used the Internet to buy and sell stolen identities, exploit people's credit cards, create and exchange counterfeit documents, sell hacking tools (including software that enables "cybervoyeurs" to hijack an unsuspecting individual's personal computer camera), and create and spread several computer viruses and malware. More than 400 000 individuals and dozens of businesses were victimized by this cybercrime ring.

Hackers

People who access computer systems without authorization and sometimes use that access for malicious purposes

cyberterrorism or cyber espionage

the most malicious hacking, such as using computer viruses and malware to attack businesses or societal infrastructure

Digital piracy

illegal downloading of music, software, and video. Although some creators make this content available online at no charge, a great deal of digital content is protected by copyright or licensing; to download it without having paid for it is illegal. Although illegal, this activity is widespread. As one active digital pirate states, " it's like jaywalking

How can we monitor online crimes?

Facebook has a technology that scans postings and chats for evidence of criminal activity, such as cyberterrorism and the distribution of child pornography (Menn, 2012). Authorities can scan torrent file

Hashtag activism

(i.e., activism using social media) acts to change society's dominant moral codes. For example, #WhylStayed resists victim