Audiology Research App

Nominal

similar groups

category, no order

response, type

ordinal

similar ranked

category with order

interval

temp, IQ scores, sound intensity

ordered with no true zero

ratio

ordered with true zero

height, weight, freq of sound in Hz in WR in percentage right

independent variable

cause of dependent variable

what I control

dependent variable

behavior that is changed/ the outcome

what i measure

confounding variable

influences both IV and DV

moderating variable

strengthen, diminish, or negate association between IV and DV

Continuous variable

measured to infinite degree

experimental studies

researchers identify one or more factors that they will manipulate during the study

assumed the IV will change the DV

Quasi-experimental study

dont have to be randomly assigned

cause-effect relationship required to some degree of experimental manipulation

nonexperimental/ descriptive studies

used to describe type of disease, public opinion, or some characteristic of group

no manipulation, no cause and effect

between-subject studies

studies are experimental or nonexperimental and involve 2 or more groups who are divided.

Will examine same DV

within-subject studies

studies are experimental or nonexperimental with one group of participants.

IV are various conditions completed by participants

DV is outcome of measurements

Used to compare outcome of different products.

Mixed studies

use both within and between-subject designs and utilize multiple groups of subjects tested in multiple conditions with comparisons to both groups studies.

prospective studies

collect and analyze data that has not been acquired.

Retrospective studies

these studies analyze data that already has been acquired

correlational studies

examine the relationship between IV of interest.

nonexperimental

used with Pearson correlation coefficient and noted as r

r can range from -1.0 to + 1.0

positive r= direct relationship (higher HL= more gain in HA)

negative r= inverse relationship (higher HL= lower WRS)

Purpose of hypothesis testing

used to reject or fail to reject null hypothesis

null hypothesis

stated in negative

assumes no significant difference between groups or variables

Descriptive stats

puts quantitative data into numerical form to summarize and present salient information

inferential stats

tools to assist researchers in evaluating representative nature of their findings.

provide information about the probability that the outcomes are a result of experimental mapping and not by random chance.