Unit 1 BB451

What is the scientific meaning of metabolism, differentiate anabolism and catabolism

metabolism is the combination of two processes that build up and break down macromolecules

1) anabolism ‘throwing up’: building macromoleculces up from precurser molecules such as AA ( to make protiens), Sugars (to make polysaccharides), Fatty acids (to make lipids) and nitrogenous bases (to make nucleic acids)

2) catabolism ‘throwing down’: the breakdown of carbphydrates (to glucose) fats (to fatty acids and acetyl-CoA) and protiens (aa and further) into enegry depleted products such as CO2, H2O, NH3

How is glycolysis tied to the citric acid cycle?

glycolysis makes pyruvate, whcih is broken down into Acetyl-CoA, whcih will be fed into the CAC, and the CAC will produce several important molecules such as NADG, FADH2 (as e- carriers). These electron carriers are fed into the ETS which are used to create a proton gradient to make ATP

list electron carriers

all forms of chem energy: NADH, NADPH, FADH2, ATP

what other names are the citric acd cycle called

Krebs, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle)

CAC overview

a multistep catalyctic prcess that converts acetyl groups (derived from carbs, fatty acids, and aa) to CO2, and produces NADH, FADH, and GTP.

It needs actyle-CoA from catabolism of macromolecules

1) it starts with Acetyl-coa which comes from pyruvate. this is combined with oxaloacetate to make isocirtratem then alpha-ketoglutarate, then succinyl-coa, then succinate, then fumarate, then malate, then again oxaloacetate to be combined with acetyl-coa to start the process again.