ch 3 pt 1

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spine

exam 2

Last updated 11:15 PM on 6/27/26
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22 Terms

1
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  • the bodys core region

  • includes teh back , abdomen, thorax (chest), and pelvis

  • for maintainign or transitioning to various positions

Core (trunk)

<p>Core (trunk)</p>
2
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what is the axial skeleton made of and what is it for

  • vertebral column

  • ribs

  • sternum

  • skull

it is an attachment site for large muscles

<ul><li><p>vertebral column </p></li><li><p>ribs</p></li><li><p>sternum </p></li><li><p>skull</p></li></ul><p></p><p>it is an attachment site for large muscles</p><p></p>
3
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what is the makeup of the vertebral column

  • cervical (7)

  • thoracic (12)

  • lumbar (5)

  • sacral (5)

  • coccygeal (4)

<ul><li><p>cervical (7) </p></li><li><p>thoracic (12) </p></li><li><p>lumbar (5) </p></li><li><p>sacral (5) </p></li><li><p>coccygeal (4) </p></li></ul><p></p><p></p>
4
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what is kyphosis and lordosis and which sections of the vertebral columns do what

kyphosis- posterior curvature of spine ( thoracic and sacral vertebrae’s)

lordosis- anterior curvature of spine ( cervical and lumbar vertebrae’s)

<p>kyphosis- posterior curvature of spine ( thoracic and sacral vertebrae’s) </p><p></p><p>lordosis- anterior curvature of spine ( cervical and lumbar vertebrae’s) </p>
5
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vertebral body

  • main portion of vertebrae

  • cancellous (spongy bone)

  • absorbs compressive forces

<ul><li><p>main portion of vertebrae </p></li><li><p>cancellous (spongy bone) </p></li><li><p>absorbs compressive forces</p></li><li><p> </p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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vertebral arch

  • formed by pedicles and lamine

  • bony base for processes

<ul><li><p>formed by pedicles and lamine </p></li><li><p>bony base for processes </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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vertebral foramen

  • opening posterior to vertebral body

  • bony canal for spinal cord

<ul><li><p>opening posterior to vertebral body </p></li><li><p>bony canal for spinal cord</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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intervertebral foramen

  • Opening between neighboring vertebrae

  • Passage for spinal nerves

<ul><li><p><span>Opening between neighboring vertebrae</span></p></li><li><p><span>Passage for spinal nerves</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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intervertebral disks purpose

  • is between vertebral bodies

  • stabilizes and absorbs shocks

10
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annulus fibrosus

fibrous outer rings of the intervertebral disks

<p>fibrous outer rings of the intervertebral disks </p>
11
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nucleus pulposus

gel like inner core of the intervertebral disc

<p>gel like inner core of the intervertebral disc </p>
12
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what are the bony landmarks of the vertebral column

13
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spinous process ( a bony landmark)

projects dorsally and inferiorly

<p>projects dorsally and inferiorly </p>
14
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transverse process ( a bony landmark)

extends laterally from each side

<p>extends laterally from each side </p>
15
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<p>superior and inferior facets (bony landmark of vertebral column) </p>

superior and inferior facets (bony landmark of vertebral column)

  • on each side of the vertebrae

  • joints between the vertebrae

<ul><li><p>on each side of the vertebrae</p></li><li><p>joints between the vertebrae</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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costal facets (bony landmark

  • only the thoracic vertebrae

  • articular surfaces for ribs

<ul><li><p>only the thoracic vertebrae</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>articular surfaces for ribs</p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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atlas and axis and the functions they do

atlas- c1 ( allows for yes nodding motion)

axis- c2 (allows for shaking of the head, no motion)

<p>atlas- c1 ( allows for yes nodding motion) </p><p>axis- c2 (allows for shaking of the head, no motion) </p>
18
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what is the odontoid process ( dens)

superior projection through foramen of atlas (c2)

  • works as a pivot point

<p>superior projection through foramen of atlas (c2)</p><ul><li><p>works as a pivot point</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
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<p>what is special about the cervical vertebrae’s</p>

what is special about the cervical vertebrae’s

transverse foramen- Hole in transverse process for vertebral artery and vein to pass through ( not on c1)

nuchal ligament- Strong neck ligament that supports the head

c7- most prominent vertebral column

<p>transverse foramen- Hole in transverse process for vertebral artery and vein to pass through ( not on c1) </p><p></p><p>nuchal ligament- Strong neck ligament that supports the head</p><p></p><p>c7- most prominent vertebral column </p>
20
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what is special about the thoracic vertebrae

  • has costal facets for rib attatchments

  • thicker posteriorly

  • thinner anteriorly

  • kyphotic curve

<ul><li><p>has costal facets for rib attatchments</p></li><li><p>thicker posteriorly </p></li><li><p>thinner anteriorly</p></li><li><p>kyphotic curve </p></li></ul><p></p>
21
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sternum purpose and its make

  • anterior support for rib cage

  • made of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

  • forms sternocostal joints

<ul><li><p>anterior support for rib cage </p></li><li><p>made of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process </p></li><li><p>forms sternocostal joints </p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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what is the make of your ribcage and what is the function of the ribcage

  • 12 pairs of ribs

  • Attached to skeleton by thoracic vertebrae and sternum

  • Protects thoracic organs

True Ribs (1–7)

  • Attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage

False Ribs (8–10)

  • Attach indirectly to sternum through cartilage of rib above

Floating Ribs (11–12)

  • No anterior attachment to sternum

<ul><li><p>12 pairs of ribs</p></li><li><p>Attached to skeleton by <strong>thoracic vertebrae</strong> and <strong>sternum</strong></p></li><li><p>Protects thoracic organs</p></li></ul><p></p><p> True Ribs (1–7) </p><ul><li><p>Attach <strong>directly</strong> to sternum via costal cartilage</p></li></ul><p></p><p> False Ribs (8–10) </p><ul><li><p>Attach <strong>indirectly</strong> to sternum through cartilage of rib above</p></li></ul><p></p><p> Floating Ribs (11–12) </p><ul><li><p>No anterior attachment to sternum</p></li></ul><p></p>