AIR S & M (Ask, Inspect)

ASK

1. any pain now or recently?

2. any pain in the area before?

3. any injuries or trauma?

4. any other symptoms or red flags

pain in neck or back of skull area, ask about

headaches, blurred vision, double vision, loss of vision, fainting spells, thirsty, difficulty swallowing

pain in upper/mid back and chest ask about

chest pain, difficulty breathing, radiating pain in thorax, radicular pain in extremities, hypertension (HTN) history

pain in lower back or pelvis area ask about

abdominal pain, digestive problems, incontinence, numbness in legs, swelling in legs, color/temperature changes in extremities, loss of or change in sexual function

red flags include

1. constitutional symptoms

2. 5 Ds And 3 Ns

3. bowel/bladder disturbances/incontinence, saddle anesthesia, numbness/tingling/weakness in lower body

4. travel outside the country, recent infections, drug or alcohol abuse, history of cancer, heart disease, diabetes

5 Ds And 3 Ns

dizziness

drop attacks

diplopia

dysarthria

dysphagia

ataxia

numbness

nystagmus in the eyes

DASEDD

discoloration

abrasions

scars

edema

deformaties

distortions

thoracic region distortions

hypo/hyper kyphosis, flat back, hump back, round shoulder, shoulder height, inferior angle of scapula, scapular winging, scoliosis

cervical/occiput distortions

anterior head carriage, hypo/hyper lordosis, military neck, lateral head tilt, lateral deviation, rotation, scoliosis

lumpar/pelvis region distortions

hypo/hyper lordosis, sway back, anterior/posterior pelvic tilt, iliac crest height, pelvic obliquity, scoliosis