American Yawp Chapter 20 Key Terms

Reform

to change for the better; changes aimed at improving society or correcting perceived injustices

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; killed 146 workers; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers

"Muckrakers"

journalists who exposed corruption and social issues (like wrongdoing in industries), inspiring public awareness and calls for reform.

Looking Backward

A utopian (idealistic) novel by Edward Bellamy about a young man in 1887 who woke up in 2000 to find the social order changed. Book is about envisioning a future society free of social and economic inequalities, and influencing reform movements.

Social Gospel

A movement which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.

Walter Rauschenbusch

"the Prophet of the Social Gospel," he advocated for social justice and reform through Christian principles

The Club Movement

movement was where women formed clubs and organizations to address social issues, promote education, and advocate for reform.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union

An organization advocating the prohibition of liquor. It launched many women into public life and was the first nationwide organization to identify and condemn domestic violence.

(an organization that blamed alcohol for crime, poverty, and violence against women and children, and fought against it.)

Jane Addams and Hull House

was a social reformer who founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago, to provide social services and support for immigrants and the urban poor.

Women's Suffrage

19th amendment (women's right to vote)

"The Trusts"

Large corporations or monopolies that controlled significant portions of industries, leading to concerns about economic power and competition. (anti-trust laws)

Business Regulation

government rules and regulations directed at protecting competition in the marketplace and employees' rights

The 1912 Presidential Election

Wilson won with a minority of the popular vote because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.

John Muir

Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state (founded the Sierra Club)

The Conservation Movement

A movement focused on preserving natural resources and wilderness areas for future generations, led by figures such as John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt.

Disfranchisement

The act of depriving someone of the right to vote, often through discriminatory practices or laws

Segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences (particularly in public facilities, housing, and education.)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." (setting a precedent for institutionalized racism)

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive (born into slavery) who demanded that African Americans should better themselves individually to achieve equality (he advocated for education)

The "Atlanta Compromise" Speech

Speech given by Booker T. Washington to ease whites' fears of integration, assuring them that separate but equal was acceptable, ideas challenged by DuBois

W.E.B DuBois

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination. Opposed Booker T. Washington