A&P - Quiz 1 & 2 (Endocrine & Cardiovascular) Midterm Review + Addl. Info

Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of

FSH

Which hormone increases calcium storage in bone?

Calcitonin

The primary function of aldosterone is

sodium homeostasis

Both endocrine and nervous systems exhibit control via regulatory feedback loops. T or F?

True

Release of PTH in the body would cause a(n)

increase in blood calcium

Adipose tissue contributes to the functioning of the endocrine system by producing a hormone called leptin, which play a role in energy balance. T or F?

True

Which hormone prevents the formation of a large volume of urine?

Antidiuretic hormone

The endocrine system functions at a much greater speed than the nervous system. T or F?

False

The stem-like stalk. that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus is the

infundibulum

A major function of the pineal gland is the development of the lymphatic system. T or F?

False

Calcitonin decreases calcium storage in bones, thereby raising blood calcium levels. T or F?

FalseS

Sex hormones are produced by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. T or F?

True

A hormone is able to stimulate more cells than a neurotransmitter. T or F?

True

The adrenal medulla secretes

epinephrine

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders. T or F?

True

hCG is produced by the

placenta

Endocrine glands are located either in the head or the neck. T or F?

False

Diabetics produce an excessive amount of insulin. T or F?

False

An excess of parathyroid hormone can cause increased ossification of bone tissue. T or F?

False

The heart produces a hormone that promotes sodium loss. T or F?

True

Growth hormone and insulin are synergistic hormones. T or F?

False

Men do not produce oxytocin. T or F?

False

The body’s “biological clock” is supported by the

pineal gland

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

Oxytocin

Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland?

Melatonin is stimulated by the presence of sunlight

Which pancreatic hormone tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids out of the blood and into the tissue cells?

insulin

Which of the following is a function of glucagon?

Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations

Hormones can be classified as

steroid or nonsteroid

The hypothalamus produces

oxytocin

_______, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels

Heparin

Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of

chemotaxis

An individual living with managed congestive heart failure may experience what symptoms during their daily activities?

limited endurance

Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart?

blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions

Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are

capillaries

Starlings’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the

stronger the contraction

Which of the following is also known as the bicuspid valve?

mitral

Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can

engulf and kill bacteria

______ is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site.

Histamine

A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a

ECG

Platelets play an important role in

blood clotting

Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood?

Plasma

Hemopoiesis, Homeostasis, Hemostasis

Hemopoiesis: blood formation

Homeostasis: process of maintaining a steady state

Hemostasis: blood clotting

The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except

E wave

A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called

leukopenia

Which type of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta?

elastic arteries

_______ is used to determine the volume percentage of RBCs in whole blood

hematocrit

Non-pharmacological recommendation to prevent blood clot development

ankle pumps

What functions as an emergency mechanism when hypoxia or hypercapnia endangers the stability of the internal environment?

chemoreceptor reflex

Blood entering the superior and inferior vena cava is oxygenated. T or F?

False

The bulk of the heart walk is thick, contractile middle layer called the

myocardium

The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell

antigen

The ________ conduct action potential from the interventricular septum, down to the apex, and then upward through the ventricles

purkinje fibers

Muscles that tether the chordae tendinae are called pectoral muscles. T or F?

False (papillary muscles)

Which blood type is known as the universal donor?

O-

The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as

fibrinolysis

Mechanical devices that permit the flood of blood in one direction only are called

valves

As blood leaves the heart to be transported to the tissues of the body, it travels through vessels that begin large in diameter and end small in diameter. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow away from the heart in reference to vessel diameter?

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries

A type of abnormal heart sound that may signify incomplete closing of the valves is

a heart murmur

Of the following options, which would not increase peripheral arterial resistance?

Exercise

Arthrosclerosis

• built up of plaque

  • increase resistance of peripheral arteries

Conduction of the Heart

1. SA Node (pacemaker)

2. AV Node - collects action potential

3. Bundle of His

4. Splits into L/R branches

5. Purkinje fibers

Is the heart auto-rhythmic?

Yes

What is the major anatomical structures of circulatory system?

• heart

• blood vessels

• lungs are NOT included

Does the heart receive both sympathetic & parasympathetic impulses?

Yes

• sympathetic = heart beat faster, parasympathetic = heart beat slower

Which is the inhibitory nerve? (rest & digest)

Vagus