Endocrine System and Medications Summary

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and definitions related to the endocrine system and medications discussed in the lecture.

Endocrine System

A system in the body that uses hormones to regulate metabolism, temperature, water levels, reproduction, and hormone suppression or replacement.

Hypothalamus

A gland in the brain that works with the pituitary gland to secrete hormones.

Thyroid Gland

A gland that produces hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium levels.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar levels.

Adrenal Glands

Glands that regulate water balance and steroid levels in the body.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

A hormone that stimulates the release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and steroids from the adrenal glands.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition caused by underproduction of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive thirst and urination.

Growth Hormone

A hormone that regulates growth of bones and tissues; overproduction can lead to acromegaly or gigantism.

Prolactin

A hormone that stimulates milk production; overproduction can cause breast milk production in non-lactating women.

Hypoparathyroidism

A condition characterized by low calcium levels, potentially leading to seizures and muscle spasms.

Sulfonylureas

A class of medications taken orally to lower blood sugar in Type II diabetics.

Lactic Acidosis

A serious side effect of biguanides like Metformin characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the body.

Thyroid Hormones

Medications used to replace deficient thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroidism.

Antithyroid Medications

Medications used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone production.

Corticosteroids

Steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands, used to treat conditions like Addison's disease.

Fertility Medications

Medications that stimulate ovulation or follicle development.

Contraceptives

Medications used to prevent pregnancy; they can also regulate menstrual cycles.