Psychology Exam 2- Anxiety & Mood Disorders

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35 Terms

1

Normal vs Abnormal Fear & Anxiety

Fear: present, flight or fight, sympathetic nervous system kicks in

Anxiety: future oriented, symptoms of tension & doesn’t always activate sympathetic nervous system

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2

Panic Attacks

expected or unexpected, lasts roughly around 10 mins, physical & cognitive symptoms

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3

Areas of the brain for anxiety/fear & panic attacks

limbic system & overactive amygladaare key regions involved in processing fear and anxiety responses.

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4

Additive Models for anxiety/fear & panic attacks

Triple vulnerability model

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5

Bio & Psych risk factors for fear/anxiety & panic attacks

Bio: genetic vulnerability, family genetics

Psych: low serotonin, early childhood, stressful life events

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6

Categories of Anxiety Disorders

Generalized Anxiety DO

Panic DO

Agoraphobia

Social Anxiety DO

Specific Phobia

Selective Mutism

Seperation Anxiety

PTSD

OCD

Trich

Derm

Body Dysmorphia

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7

Generalized Anxiety DO

a disorder that consists of chronic worry (GAD), excessive & uncontrollable, can last about 6+ months.

  • 3.1 % of the general population have it

  • the onset is early adulthood, slow moving with cognitive behaviors

  • Treatments include: medication, pharmacotherapy, benzodiazapines & anti depressants

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8

Agoraphobia

a disorder that makes you feel like you cannot escape, combotic/independent

  • onset is young adult

  • risks are emotional reactivity, physical alarm reaction & catastrophic thinking

    • Treatment includes: medication & different therapys

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9

Specific Phobia

extreme irrational fears, avoidance, unreasonableness

  • eg: animals, bugs, heights, storms & situational

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10

Selective Mutism

  • rare childhood disorders where a child is mute in different situations including: school & home.

  • This condition often emerges in early childhood and can lead to significant challenges in social interactions and academic settings.

  • Treatments include: therapies with speech

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11

Seperation Anxiety

a disorder that consists of unrealistic/persistant worry, worry about physical danger to others close to & abandonment

  • treatments include: different therapies

  • outcomes include: nightmares, refusing to go to school, work etc

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12

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event

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13

OCD

Obsessive compulsory disorder

  • consists of obsessive cleaning/contamination, forbidden thoughts, symmetry or exactness

  • causes include early life, different thoughts, biological aspects or antibodies (strep)

  • treatment include: medication, exposure response (ERP)

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14

Trichotillomania

a chronic disorder that consists of obsessive hair pulling, most with scalp & eyebrows

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15

Derm

a chronic disorder that consists of skin picking

  • caused by anxiety & fear of infections

  • treatment includes: behavioral habit reversal

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16

Major Depressive DO

a disorder that consists of single or recurring episode, depressive mood state, lasting around two or more weeks, with cognitive symptoms

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17

Persistant Depressive DO

a mood disorder characterized by two years or more of depressed or dysthymic mood

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18

Dysthymic DO

  • part of persistent depressive disorders

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19

Double Depression

individuals who suffer from both major depressive episodes & persistant depression

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20

Bipolar I

alternation of major depressive DO with full manic episodes

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21

Bipolar II

alternation of major depressive DO with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes)

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22

Cyclothymic DO

chronic mood disorder with alternating mood elevatio & depression that isn’t severe

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23

Premenstrual Dysphoric DO

A mood disorder in women during there menstrual cycle

  • consists of depressive, anxious, & irritable symptoms

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24

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation DO

a mental disorder in children of recurrent temper outbursts against a background of irritable mood

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25

Biological, Psychological & Sociocultural contributors for mood disorders

Biological: familial & genetic influences

Psychological: stressfull life events, stress & depression

Areas of the brain: endocrine system, hypothalamic-pituitary-aldrenocorital axis, neurotransmitters

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26

Suicide

the intentional act of ending ones life

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27

Suicide is the ___ leading cause of death

11th!

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28

Causes of Suicide

  • stressful life events

  • biological aspects

  • personality traits

    • other factors include: hopelessness, losses, & different treatments

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29

Culture & Geographical Suicide Facts

  • prominently white phenomenon

  • high suicide rate for native americans

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30

Psychological Autopsy

  • postmorten psychological profile of suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who know the person

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31

Neurobiology

  • low levels of serotonin may be associated with suicide & violent suicide attempts

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32

Treatments for Suicide

  • different programs

  • limit lethal weapons

  • watching the individual

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33

co-morbidity in anxiety disorders

Comorbidity: The co-occurrence of two or more distinct disorders

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34

Psychodynamic theory as developed by Freud saw phobias as:

Repressed ID impulses

  • Psychodynamic Approaches: Theories which assume that unconscious conflicts develop early in life, and part of the therapy is designed to identify life events that may have caused these unconscious conflicts.

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35

In the famous “Little Albert” study by Watson & Rayner, they attempted to condition in him, a fear of his pet white rat. This was done by

Pairing the rat - the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which produced the unconditioned response (UCR) and subsequently conditioned response (CR).

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