COLIC IN HORSE

simple means abdominal pain

colic

leading to medical cause of death in horse

colic

4-10% of horse diagnosed with colic annually

colic

Types of Colic

• Gas colic

• Spasmodic colic

• Strangulation Colic

• Sand Colic

• Impaction Colic

• Displacement/Entrapment Colic

• Twisted Gut

• When there is excessive gas build-up in the intestine

• Horse can have a lot of flatulence

Gas Colic

When there is excessive gas build-up in the intestine

Gas Colic

Horse can have a lot of flatulence

Gas Colic

• Result of intestinal cramps or spams

• Intestinal hypermotility

Spasmodic Colic

• Result of intestinal cramps or spams

Spasmodic Colic

• Intestinal hypermotility

Spasmodic Colic

• Accounts for 10% of all colic: when food partially digested, typically roughage

• Builds up in large intestine and stops moving to blockage or impaction

• no passing of feces

Impaction colic

• Accounts for 10% of all colic: when food partially digested, typically roughage

Impaction colic

• Builds up in large intestine and stops moving to blockage or impaction

• no passing of feces

Impaction colic

Horse living in sandy area or fed from sandy ground, fine particles

Sand Colic

• portion of intestine twists on itself (torsion) or

• intestine invert into itself (intussusception): uncommon

• accounts for less than 4% of cases but very serious and life-threatening

Twisted Gut

• accounts for less than 4%

Twisted Gut

terms for portion of intestine twists on itself

torsion

terms for intestine invert into itself

intussusception

• portion of intestine twists on itself (torsion) or

Twisted Gut

• intestine invert into itself (intussusception): uncommon

Twisted Gut

• accounts for less than 4% of cases but very serious and life-threatening

Twisted Gut

• when an area of the intestine moves from its location to somewhere else:

• not common type of colic

• When gut cannot freely move back to original location, becomes entrapment

• both very serious because blood supply and can be compressed or squashed

Displacement/Entrapment Colic

• not common type of colic

Displacement/Entrapment Colic

• When gut cannot freely move back to original location, becomes

entrapment

• very serious because blood supply and can be compressed or squashed

Displacement/Entrapment Colic

• very uncommon but serious type of colic

• occurs when blood supply is cut-off due to strangulation

• result in death of intestinal wall

• life-threatening situation

• majority of colic never have their exact causes determined but recovery rate is about 95%

Strangulation Colic

• very uncommon but serious type of colic

Strangulation Colic

• occurs when blood supply is cut-off due to strangulation

Strangulation Colic

• result in death of intestinal wall

Strangulation Colic

• life-threatening situation

Strangulation Colic

Symptoms of Colic

• pawing on the ground

• looking at the flank

• kicking or biting at the flank

• tail swishing

• repeated lying down and getting up

• violently throwing themselves on the ground

• rolling

• curling the upper lip

• stretch stance with the hind legs far behind

• sweating

• increased breathing

• inappetence

• extreme dullness

• extreme agitation

• bloodshot eye/lips

What to do if there is a Colic?

1. put a horse in a small section area for closer observation'

2. horses rolling or getting up or down maybe hand-walked safe

3. observe for worsening sign

• interest in food and water

• flatulence

• defecation

Treatment of colic

Examine the

• mucous membrane

• hydration status

• respiratory rate

• heart rate

• gut sound

• rectal examination

• NGT intubation

• Abdominal ultrasound

• belly tap

• blood sampling

TEST- would help get more accurate picture of TYPE of COLIC affecting horse so appropriate plan can be implemented

• Pain relief

• Anti-spasmodic

• fluid therapy

• enteric treatment

• motility modifier

would help get more accurate picture of TYPE of COLIC affecting horse so appropriate plan can be implemented

TEST

Aside for PE examination of Colic, what are the other treatment

• Pain relief

• Anti-spasmodic

• fluid therapy

• enteric treatment

• motility modifier

inhibitory effect on the intestinal motility

catecholamines

what substance that pain release

cathecolamine

most common analgesic medication used are

• NSAIDs

• Opiods

• 2 agonist

Drugs under Pain relief

• Flunixin meglumine

• Ketoprofen

• Phenylbutazone

• Xylazine

• Detomidine

• Butorphanol tartrate

• Flunixin meglumine

Pain relief

• Ketoprofen

Pain relief

• Phenylbutazone

Pain relief

• Xylazine

Pain relief

• Detomidine

Pain relief

• Butorphanol tartrate

Pain relief

superior inhibitory effects on visceral pain

Flunixin Meglumine

used to control abdominal pain

ketoprofen

least analgesic effect for pain associated with colic

phenylbutazone

control the pain for short period

xylazine

more potent than xylazine

Detomidine

most often administered in combination with xylazine

Butorphanol tartrate

Anti-spasmodic medication

N-butylscopolammonium bromide (BUSCOPAN)

N-butylscopolammonium bromide (BUSCOPAN)

Anti-spasmodic medication

anticholinergic and antispasmodic properties

N-butylscopolammonium bromide (BUSCOPAN)

• Anti-spasmodic medication

maintenance dose for adult horse approximately

40-60 ml/kg/day or 24 Liters

most common electrolytes abnormalities

• hypocalcemia (calcium)

• hypokalemia (potassium)

least expensive substance in enteric treatmnent

water via NGT approx. 6-8liters every 2 hours

Laxative drug (Enteric Treatment)

• Mg sulfate

• Dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS)

• Mineral oil

osmotic cathartic

Magnesium sulfate (Enteric Treatment)

not absorbed by intestinal tract

intestinal lubricant

Mineral oil (Enteric Treatment)

causes sand to become solidified

Dioctyl Sodium Succinate (DSS) (Enteric Treatment)

Dioctyl Sodium Succinate (DSS)

(Enteric Treatment)

Magnesium sulfate

(Enteric Treatment)

Mineral oil

(Enteric Treatment)

Psyllium hydrophilic muciloid or bran

Bulk laxative

Psyllium hydrophilic muciloid or bran

Enteric Treatment

to prevent or treat the post-operative ileus or

to facilitate passage of feed impaction once softened

Motility modifier

to prevent or treat the post-operative ileus or

Motility modifier

to facilitate passage of feed impaction once softened

Motility modifier

common complication following surgery of GI disease

Post-operative ileus

dynamic

spastic

spastic

dynamic

adynamic

paralytic or mechanical

paralytic or mechanical

adynamic

post-operative ileus can occur secondary to

• dynamic (spastic)

• adynamic (paralytic or mechanical)

• obstruction of intestinal tract

Drugs under motility modifier

• ca gluconate

• potassium chloride

• hyochloremic metabolic acidosis

• flunixin meglumine

• Phenylbutazone

• cisapride

• lidocaine

• metoclopramide

• erythromycin

• hyochloremic metabolic acidosis

motility modifier

• potassium chloride

motility modifier

calcium gluconate

motility modifier

• flunixin meglumine

motility modifier

pain reliever

• Phenylbutazone

motility modifier

oain reliever

• cisapride

motility modifier

• lidocaine

motility modifier

• metoclopramide

motility modifier

• erythromycin

motility modifier

decrease the incidence of POI or dissolved with DMSO

Cisapride

Risk factor associated with colic

• Worm control

• dental health

• pasture access

• concentrate feeding

• exercise

• cribbing

• dietary change

• roughage quality

• transport

• post-pregnancy

how many kg of concentrate in one or two feeds increased risk of colic

over 5 kgs

mares have greater incidence of colic

2-6months after foaling

can minimize the chances of colic

good dietary and husbandry management