Human Pathology, Infectious Diseases, and Psychotropic Drugs Vocabulary Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering medical pathology definitions, health awareness dates, viral and bacterial infectious diseases, cancer classifications, and psychotropic drug categories based on the lecture transcript.

Tubectomy

A surgical procedure in females where the oviducts are cut and ligated.

Vasectomy

A surgical procedure in males where the vas deferens is cut and ligated.

Pathology

The study of disease.

Etiology

The study of the cause of disease.

Epidemiology

The study of the causes and spread of disease.

World Health Day

Observed on April 7.

World AIDS Day

Observed on December 1st.

World TB Day

Observed on 24th March.

No Tobacco Day

Observed on 31st May.

World Population Day

Observed on 11st July.

World Leprosy Day

Observed on 30th January.

Doctor's Day

Observed on 1st July.

Congenital diseases

Diseases which are present by birth.

Acquired disease

Disease developed after birth.

Kaposi's sarcoma

A tumor present in AIDS patients, caused by Herpes virus 8.

ELISA

Screening test used for diagnosing AIDS.

Western Blot Test

Diagnostic test used to confirm AIDS.

HAART

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy; treatment for AIDS using drugs like zidovudine, lamivudine, Saquinavir, and Nevirapine.

Contact inhibition

A property of normal cells where growth stops upon contact with other cells, which is lost in cancer cells leading to uncontrolled proliferative activity.

Carcinoma

Cancers arising from epithelial cells.

Sarcoma

Cancers arising from connective and muscular tissue.

Metastasis

The most feared property of malignant tumors involving spread to other sites.

Myoma

Cancer of the muscles.

Glioma

Cancer of the CNS glial cells.

Cisplatin

An organometallic compound used to treat cancer.

Pap smear test

Screening test for cervical cancer.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The causative agent of Tuberculosis (Koch's Disease).

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

The causative agent of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV (AIDS) patients.

DOTS

Directly Observed Treatment Short Course; the name given to the TB treatment strategy.

BCG vaccine

Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine given intradermally right after birth or first exposure to health workers for prevention of TB.

SAARC TB Center

Regional Tuberculosis center located in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Hepatitis B

The most severe, infectious, and highly fatal form of viral hepatitis transmitted via blood transfusion and sexual contact, causing chronic hepatitis.

Typhoid

An enteric fever caused by Salmonella typhi, transmitted by contaminated food & water, affecting Payer's patches.

WIDAL test

An antigen-antibody test used for diagnosing Typhoid.

Cholera

An acute diarrheal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae and transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Influenza D

A type of influenza virus that primarily infects cattle.

Candida albicans

An opportunistic fungus normally present as a commensal in the mouth, oropharynx, genital tract, and skin that causes Candidiasis.

Oral candidiasis (Thrush)

Fungal infection presenting as whitish plaques on the tongue, lips, gums, roof of mouth, and associated mucosal linings.

Dependence

A condition in which the body develops withdrawal syndrome if regular doses of drugs or alcohol are abruptly discontinued.

Opiate Narcotics

A group of drugs including Opium, Morphine, and Heroin (Brown sugar) that suppress brain activity and provide relief from intense pain.

Psychotropic Drugs

Mood-altering drugs including Sedatives, Tranquilizers, Stimulants, and Opioids.

LSD

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; a very potent hallucinogen obtained from Claviceps purpurea (Ergot fungus).