PATHO REVIEW INFLAMMATION/ IMMUNITY

INFLAME

set fire

inflammation

a dynamic response to vascularized tissue to injury

vascularized tissue

involves blood vessels

vasoconstricted

closing of blood vessels

vasodilation

expanding of blood vessels that lets if flow through

what does inflammation do?

brings defense and healing mechanisms to the site injury

inflammation is a _____ __and its__ _______ to a pathogenic unit

1. a reaction of a living tissue
2. microcirculation

acute inflammation

quick disappear within a week

chronic inflammation

longer than a week & results in external formation of scar tissue

how does tissue normally react to injury in a clinical setting?

heat, swelling, redness, pain & loss of function

cardinal sign inflammation

1. hyperemia ( redness & warm)
2. swelling & exudation
3. pain ( loss of function)

mechanism of inflammation

1. vasodilation
2. exudation- edema
3. emigration of cells
4. chemotaxis

what does emigration of cells lead to?

leakage

what do chemotaxis do?

activates helper t cells which present antigens

whats role do lymphatics play in inflammation?

responsible for draining edema

edema

excess of fluid in interstitial tissue or serous cavity either transudate or exudate

Transudate

* an ultra-filtrate of blood plasma + low protein content (mostly albumin)
* this is the normal

Exudate

a filtrate of blood plasma + inflammation cells and cellular debris ( has a super high protein content)

Pus

a purulent exudate that is rich in leukocytes and parachymal cells debris

Histamine by mast cells

vasodilation

prostaglandins

cause pain & fever

Bradykinin

causes pain

COX 2 is associated with?

pain

COX 1 is associate with what ?

protects epithelial tissues, stomach, and kidney

Acute inflammation has 4 outcomes what are they?

1. abscess formation
2. progression to chronic inflammation
3. resolution
4. repair

Abscess formation

* collection of pus
* the bodies ability to attack is limited the only way to get rid of it is to open

Progression to chronic inflammation

adds fibroblast which lay down scar tissues

Resolution

goes back to normal

repair

healing by scarring and fibrosis

cellular immunity

primarily T. cells

humoral immunity

primarily b cells, thymus & bone marrow where vaccines fall

B lymphocytes

plasma cells: Ig A,M,G,E

Memory cells

hang round 4ever helps builds immunity produces Ig G antibodies

what is the role of helper t cell?

they go through and classify all cells in the body

normal life cycle of HIV

1. binds and fuses
2. enters into WBC
3. completes reverse transcriptase
4. integration
5. viral RNA and protein expression
6. Assembly & Budding
7. maturation

sepsis

get an infection and bacteria makes its way into the bloodstream

SIRS

* follows sepsis to confirm do cultures to identify bug.

what process leads to the 3rd space?

leaky fluids go into overdrive which leads to them leaking into the 3rd space

reverse transcriptase

unravels DNA and inserts its own

what does an elevated neutrophil count mean

bacterial infection

what does an elevated lymphocytes count mean

viral infection

what does an elevated monocytes count mean

probably mono

what does an elevated eosinophils count mean

allergic reactions and parasitic infections

what is Epstein Barr Virus

mono