Juv Jus Exam 1 FRQ

Stages of Labeling Process

retrospective reading, degradation ceremony, selective perspective, block opportunities, role imprisonment, reflective appraisal, role engulfment, joining deviant groups

retrospective reading

authority figures reinterpret the youth’s past behavior as deviant

degradation ceremony

the youth is formally identified and labeled as deviant or delinquent

selective perception

authority figures watch the youth more closely and notice their deviant behavior more often

blocked opportunities

the youth loses opportunities because of their deviant label

role imprisonment

the youth becomes trapped in the deviant role becuase others keep treating them as “bad”

reflective appraisal

the youth becomes aware of how others view them and begins to use those views to understand themselves

role engulfment

the deviant identity becomes a major part of the youth identity

joining deviant groups

the youth associates with other deviant individuals who reinforce their deviant behaviors

Mertron’s 5 adaptation to strain

conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

conformity

a person accepts society’s goals and uses approved methods to achieve them

innovation

a person accepts society’s goals but rejects approved methods and uses alternative or illegal methods to achieve them

ritualism

A person gives up on achieving society’s goal but continues to follow approved methods

retreatism

a person rejects society’s goal and approved methods and withdraws from society

rebellion

a person rejects society’s goals and approved methods and replaces them with new goals and methods

5 bonds of social control

attachment, commitment, involvement, belief

attachment

the emotion connection a person has with others

commitment

The investment a person makes in conventional goals that gives them something to lose from delinquent behavior

involvement

the participation in conventional activities that limits time for delinquent behavior.

belief

the internalization/acceptance of norms

4 ego defense mechanisms

compensation, projection, rationalization, denial

compensation

attempting to overcome a perceived weakness by developing another positive attribute

projections

attributing your own unacceptable desires or traits to someone else

rationalization

making up apparently good reason to soften the blow of disappointment

denial

refusing to accept a harsh reality

3 youth in juvenile court

delinquent youth, status offender, dependent/neglected youth

delinquent youth

youth who commits an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult

status offender

youth who commits an act that is a crime only because they are underage

dependent/ neglected youth

youth who is in need of protection or services

the 4 status offenses

running away, truancy, curfew, unruly

running away

children can’t leave home without permission

truancy

children are legally required to attend school

curfew

children are prohibited at being out in the community at certain hours of the night

unruly

children are required by law to obey their parents

5 techniques of neutralization

denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of victim, condemnation of condemners, appeal to higher loyalties

primary deviance

the initial violation of a norm before a person adopts a deviant identity

secondary deviance

occurs after the labeling process when a person accepts the deviant identity and continues to engage in deviant behaviors