motion, forces and energy

vectors

a quantity with magnitude and direction

scalar

a quantity with only magnitude

distance

how far an object has moved

displacement

direction and distance in a straight line from start to finish

acceleration

change in velocity in a certain amount of time

uniform acceleration

constant acceleration

newton’s first law

an object remains in the same state of motion unless a resultant force acts on it

newton’s second law

f = m x a

mass

amount of stuff in an object

weight

force acting on an object due to gravity

centripetal force

force that keeps something moving in a circle

inertia

tendency for motion to remain unchanged

newton’s third law

every object has an equal and opposite reaction

momentum

mass x velocity

conservation of momentum

momentum is the same before and after an event

stopping distance

thinking distance + braking distance

thinking distance

distance the car travels between the time between noticing the hazard and applying the brakes

braking distance

distance taken to stop once the brakes are applied

kinetic

energy held in anything moving

thermal

any object - the hotter it is the more energy it has

chemical

anything that can release energy by a chemical reaction

gravitational potential

anything in a gravitational field

elastic potential

anything stretched

electrostatic

two charged that attract or repel each other

magnetic

two magnets that attract or repel each other

nuclear

atomic nuclei release energy from this store in nuclear reactions

conservation of energy

energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

mechanically

a force acting on an object

electrically

a charge doing work

by heating

energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder object

by radiation

energy transferred by waves

non renewable energy resources

finite

will run out

fossil fuels

nuclear fuel

renewable energy resources

will never run out

bio fuels

solar

wind

geothermal

tides

hydro electricity

bio fuels

renewable every resources created from plant products or animal dung

reliable

carbon neutral

expensive to refine

wind power

renewable energy resource

no pollution

high initial cost

low running cost

spoil the view / eye sore

unreliable

solar power

renewable energy resource

energy is transferred by light into electric current

no pullution

small scale generation

unreliable

cannot increase production on demand

hydro electricity

renewable energy resource

flooding a valley by building a dam so rainwater is caught and allowed out through turbines

big impact on environment

possible loss of habitat

immediately respond to increased demand

reliable

tidal power

renewable energy resource

big dams are build across rivers with turbines in them

tide comes in and water is let out through turbines at controlled speed to generate electricity

no pollution

affect his access

alter habitat

spoil the view

reliable