Intro to pharmacy practice

patient centered care

individual's specific health needs and desired health outcomes are the driving force behind all health care decisions and quality measurements

-partnership between patient and healthcare team

pharmaceutical care

the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life

medication related

care

outcomes

quality of life

responsibility

5 aspects of pharmaceutical care

medication related

-decisions such as to use or not to use a med or which med, dose, route, administration

-monitoring required

-education and information

care

-1:1 pharmacist and patient relationship

-care directly to patient for their benefit

-personal concern for patient wellbeing and health

-act in patient's best interest (patient-centered)

outcomes

-pre-defined medication related outcomes

-medication related problems can interfere with outcome

quality of life

-include patient's assessment and involvement in goal setting

responsibility

-professional covenant

-personally accountable for patient outcomes from your actions and decisions

-care is documented

professional covenant

patient grants authority to provider AND provider grants competence, commitment, trustworthiness, and accountability

identify, resolve, and prevent drug related problems

pharmacist's role on the patient care team

drug related problems

any undesirable event experienced by a patient which involves, or is suspected to involve, drug therapy and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy and requires professional judgment to resolve

indication

safety

effectiveness

adherence

types of drug related problems (DRPs)

1. cure disease

2. reduce or eliminate of symptoms

3. arrest or slow the progression of disease

4. prevent a disease or symptom

potential goals of therapy

economic

clinical

humanistic

outcomes

ECHO Model

core aspects of pharmaceutical care stay consistent

pharmacists practice in diverse patient care settings but the ...

PPCP

consistent process in the delivery of patient care applicable to any practice setting where pharmacists provide patient care services

pharmacist

patient

care

process

PPCP stands for...

-crrent med list + history of use

-relevant health data

-patient lifestyle habits and beliefs

types of information collected

patient records

patient interview

other healthcare professionals

potential sources of information

Indication

effectiveness

safety

adherence

(IESA)

What do pharmacists assess medications for?

1. communication

2. collaboration

3. documentation

center ring of the PPCP

age

disease state

high risk medications

patient factors

hospital admissions/transitions of care

high cost or polypharmacy

indicators for targeting pharmacy services

clinical pharmacy

specialized knowledge, experience, and judgment to ensure optimal outcomes. includes application of evidence from scientific principles and societal factors. can be conducted under collaborative practice agreements

consulting pharmacy

several examples. most common is in long term care facilities. regular pharmacist review of medication and chart to identify prevent and resolve drug related problems. geriatrics are most at risk for DRPs

disease state management

typically one on one with the patient and collaborative in nature with the patient's other health care professionals. pertains to specific disease and providing the patient with the tools and knowledge to assume responsibility for their own care. includes education on drug, non-drug, nad lifestyle measures. can also be conducted under collaborative practice agreements

disease state education

similar to disease state management but mor informational only, less collaboration

disease screening

identify people with disease or promote awareness fo disease states to improve diagnosis and appropriate treatment. common examples: cholesterol, blood pressure, bone density

immunization programs

pharmacists can immunize in all 50 states. pahrmacists can also serve as advocates by promoting vaccinations

medication therapy management (MTM)

part of medicare prescription drug improvement and modernization act and the goal is to optimize outcomes through improved medication use, reduced risk of adverse events, and improved medication adherence

comprehensive medication management (CMM)

uses PPCp and are different from MTM. more patient focused rather than medication focused