Foundations of Nursing: Nutrition, Hydration & Related Care

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Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key nutrition, hydration, and clinical care concepts from the lecture notes.

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15 Terms

1
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Orthostatic Hypotension

A drop in blood pressure that occurs when moving from sitting or lying to standing, often causing dizziness or light-headedness.

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Skin Turgor

Elasticity of the skin used to assess hydration status; slow recoil (poor turgor) suggests dehydration.

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Dehydration Indicators in Older Adults

Confusion, dry mucous membranes, concentrated dark urine, poor skin turgor, and low blood pressure signal inadequate fluid intake.

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Hematocrit

The percentage of red blood cells in whole blood; elevated values relative to hemoglobin often indicate hemoconcentration from dehydration.

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Body Mass Index (BMI)

A weight-for-height calculation (kg/m²); 25–29.9 = overweight, guiding need for weight-loss interventions.

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DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, adequate calcium/potassium, and reduced sodium.

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2-Gram Sodium-Restricted Diet

Meal plan limiting sodium to ~2,000 mg/day; avoids added salt and high-sodium foods to help manage blood pressure and fluid balance.

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Coronary Artery Disease Diet Recommendation

Limit dietary cholesterol sources, especially egg yolks, to lower atherosclerotic risk.

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Iron Absorption and Vitamin C

Vitamin C enhances non-heme iron uptake; taking iron supplements or iron-rich foods with citrus juice improves absorption.

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Blood Transfusion Reaction (Early Sign)

A sudden decrease in blood pressure or other acute changes within minutes of starting an infusion indicating a possible adverse reaction.

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Distended Neck Veins

Visible bulging of the jugular veins, often indicating fluid overload or heart failure.

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Processed Foods

Commercially prepared items typically high in sodium; limiting them reduces overall salt intake.

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Weight-Loss Strategy

Combine a balanced, reduced-calorie diet with at least 30 minutes of daily physical activity to lower BMI.

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Hypertension Nutrition

Adequate calcium and potassium intake with lower sodium helps control blood pressure; emphasize fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy.

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Constipation

Infrequent or difficult bowel movements; often linked to inadequate fiber or fluid intake and may be relieved by increased hydration.