CH-2 Principles Of Management BST

Gang plank

________ is a shorter route and has been provided so that communication has not delayed.

Standardisation

________ and simplification of work: Standardization refers to the setting standards for every business activity.

Values

________ are something which are acceptable or desirable.

Techniques

________ are procedures or methods which involve a series of steps to be taken to accomplished goals.

small tasks

(1) Division of work: Work should be divided into ________ /jobs; each performed by a specialist or trained employee.

Simplification aims

________ at eliminating unnecessary diversity of products.

Functional foremanship

________: Taylor suggested activities of factory workers should be observed by eight types of specialised foremen.

Discipline

(3) ________: It means obedience to organizational rules and employment agreement.

Unity of command

(4) ________: An employee should receive orders /instructions from one and only one boss or superior.

Scalar chain

(8) ________: The formal lines of authority from highest to lowest rank are known as "________ "suggests that communication from top to bottom should follow the official lines of command.

Taylor

Science, not rule of thumb: ________ believed that there was only one best method to maximize efficiency, which can be developed through scientific study.

Management principles

Mainly Behavioural: ________ are mainly behavioral in nature, because they aim at influencing behavior of human beings.

Method study

________: Objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job.

Contingent Management principles

________ are not static or absolute in nature.

Fatigue study

________: It seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing a task.

Clerk

Time and Cost ________: Sends all information relating to the pay of the workers and to secure proper return of work from them.

full cooperation

Cooperation, not individualism: Every employee should work in the organisation with ________ not for individual interest only.

General Guidelines

________: Principles of Management are ________ to managerial action.

Gang Boss

________: Assembles and setup tools and machines and teach the workers to make all their work motions in the best way.

Social Responsibility Management principles

Fulfilling ________ are helpful in meeting social obligations.

basis of observation

They are derived on the ________ and analysis of events and by conducting experimental studies.

Experimentation

Formed by Practice and ________: The principles of management are formed by experience and ________.

Remuneration of employees

(9) ________: ________ should be just and equitable to provide maximum satisfaction to the employees as well as employer.

Universal Applicability

________: The principles of management are applicable to all types of organizations (business, non­business, large, small etc .)

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

________: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES: ________ means knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way.

Disciplinarian

________: Deal with cases of breach of discipline and absenteeism.

CONCEPT OF PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT/PURE SCIENCE/TECHNIQUES/ VALUES

Principles of Management are broad and general guidelines for decision-making and behaviour of managers

Universal Applicability

The principles of management are applicable to all types of organizations (business, non­business, large, small etc.)

General Guidelines

Principles of Management are general guidelines to managerial action

Formed by Practice and Experimentation

The principles of management are formed by experience and experimentation

Flexible

The principles of management are not rigid prescriptions

Mainly Behavioural

Management principles are mainly behavioral in nature, because they aim at influencing behavior of human beings

Cause and Effect Relationship

The principle of management establishes relationship between cause and effect

Eg

equity -Social Environment

Eg

Fair remuneration, Equity

(1) Division of work

Work should be divided into small tasks/jobs; each performed by a specialist or trained employee

(2) Authority and responsibility

"Authority" means the right to give orders and obtain obedience, "responsibility" means obligation to perform the job assigned on time

(3) Discipline

It means obedience to organizational rules and employment agreement

(4) Unity of command

An employee should receive orders / instructions from one and only one boss or superior

(5) Centralisation and decentralisation

The concentration of decision-making authority by top management is called centralisation, whereas delegation of authority throughout all the levels of the organisation is called decentralisation

(6) Unity of direction

All the units of an organisation should be moving towards the same objectives through coordinated and focused efforts

(7) Subordination of individual interest to general interest

The interest of the organisation should supersede the interest of any one individual employee

(8) Scalar chain

The formal lines of authority from highest to lowest rank are known as "scalar chain" suggests that communication from top to bottom should follow the official lines of command

(9) Remuneration of employees

Remuneration of employees should be just and equitable to provide maximum satisfaction to the employees as well as employer

(10) Order

It means -There should be a fix place for every person and everything in the organization and each person and everything should be at its definite place

(11) Initiative

Employees should be encouraged to make and execute plans within the prescribed limits of authority

(12) Stability of personnel

Employees should not be moved from their positions frequently, they should be given reasonable time to show results

(13) Equity

- The principles of "equity" emphasize kindliness and justice in the behaviour of managers towards workers, i.e., no discrimination on account of sex, caste, language, etc

(14) Espirit de corps

Fayal emphasises the need for team work, spirit of unity and harmony among employees

Science, not rule of thumb

Taylor believed that there was only one best method to maximize efficiency, which can be developed through scientific study

Harmony, not discard

There should be complete harmony between the management and workers

Cooperation, not individualism

Every employee should work in the organisation with full cooperation not for individual interest only

Development of each and every person to his/her greatest efficiency and prosperity

Each person should be scientifically selected

Functional foremanship

Taylor suggested activities of factory workers should be observed by eight types of specialised foremen

Route Clerk

Lay down the sequence of operation

Instruction Clerk

Prepare detailed instruction regarding different aspects of work such as machines and tools used, techniques etc

Time and Cost Clerk

Sends all information relating to the pay of the workers and to secure proper return of work from them

Disciplinarian

Deal with cases of breach of discipline and absenteeism

Gang Boss

Assembles and setup tools and machines and teach the workers to make all their work motions in the best way

Repair Boss

Ensures that each worker keeps his machinery /equipment in good order

Standardisation and simplification of work

Standardization refers to the setting standards for every business activity

Method Study

The main objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job

Method study

Objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job

Fatigue study

It seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing a task

Time study

It determines standard time taken to perform a well-defined job

Differential piece wage system

It differentiates between efficient and less efficient workers on the basis of two wages rates-high and low wages rates

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