chem acids+bases

pH scale

A scale used to measure how acidic or alkali a solution is.

1-6

acidic

7

neutral

8-14

alkali

what do acids form

H+ ions in water

an alkali

base that dissolves in water.

what do alkalis form

OH- ions in water

reaction between acids and bases

neutralization

acid base word equation

acid+base --> salt+water

acid base chem equation

H+ + OH- --> H2O

how can pH be measured

universal indicator or a pH probe

hydrochloric acid

HCl

nitric acid

HNO3

sulfuric acid

H2SO4

Ethanoic acid

CH3COOH

citric acid

C6H8O7

carbonic acid

H2CO3

alkali reaction word equation

acid+alkali --> salt+water

metal reaction word equation

acid+metal --> salt+hydrogen

carbonate reaction word equation

acid+carbonate --> salt+water+carbon dioxide

strong acid

completely ionised in an aqueous solution (very concentrated)

weak acid

Partially ionised in aqueous solution.

weak acid fact

we must use a reversible sign to show some molecules won't be dissociated in an aqueous solution.

hydrochloric

strong acid

sulfuric

strong acid

ethanoic

weak acid

carbonic

weak acid

concentration (g/dm³)

mass (g) / volume (dm³)

concentration (mol/dm³)

moles / volume (dm³)

concentrated

more solute than solvent

dilute

more solvent than solute

hydrogen pH relation

the lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.

Hydrogen ion decrease

Every decrease in pH unit, the hydrogen ion concentration is 10x more.

hydrogen ion increase

Every increase in the pH unit, the hydrogen ion concentration is divided by 10.

what does the reversible sign in a weak acid do

This sets up an equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated acid.

what does pH measure

concentration of H+ ions

pipette

used to transfer small amounts of liquid

burette