Composition of Blood and Blood Types

Hematocrit

percentage of RBCs by volume

Erythropoisesis

- Production of RBCs
- Occur in the red bone marrow

Erythropoietin

- Produced by liver and kidneys
- target the marrow, stimulating myeloid stem cells to differentiate into erythroblasts

Myeloid Stem Cells

- Help in pathogen invasion
- recruited into tissues where they are activated for phagocytosis as well as secretion of inflammatory cytokines
- plays a major role in innate immunity
- produced by red bone marrow

Erythroblasts

nucleated cell of red bone marrow that synthesizes hemoglobin

Reticulocytes

immature RBCs produced in bone marrow and released into the peripheral blood where they mature in 1-2 days

Lymphocytes (WBCs)

- Play an important role in the immune system
- B and T cells

Monocyte (WBCs)

- well defined nucleus
- play an important role in body's immune response to pathogens
- produced in bone marrow

Granulocyte (WBCs)

- granules in its cytoplasm
- granules are released in response to certain infections and allergens
- types: basophils, eosinophils. neutrophils, and mast cells

Basophils (WBC/Granulocyte)

important role in allergies and allergic reactions like inflammation

Eosinophils (WBC/granulocyte)

play an important part in the defense against infection by parasites in addition to responding to allergen by inducing inflammation

Neutrophils (WBC/granulocyte)

Defense against infection from microorganisms

4 types of blood

- A: A antigen and anti B antibodies
- B: B antigen and anti A antibodies
- AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies
- O: neither A or B antigens and anti A and B antibodies

Rh Factor

antigenic substance