Unit 3 Section 2 The Cold War

Honors US History 10

The Marshall Plan

American plan to provide economic aid to Western Europe to help it rebuild; create stable democracies and achieve economic recovery

George C. Marshall

U.S. Secretary of State who created the Marshall Plan

The Berlin Airlift

Joint effort by the US and Britain to fly food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city

Louis St. Laurent

The foreign minister of Canada. He formed NATO; wanted to form "an association of democratic peace-loving states to defend Western Europe against an attack from the Soviets."

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

An association of peace loving states attempting to defend Western Europe against an attack from the Soviets; mutual military assistance; when one is attacked it is an attack against them all

Warsaw Pact

The Soviet Union's response to NATO; the Soviet's military alliance with their satellite nations of Eastern Europe

Red Scare

A fear or concern about the spread of World Communism and the fear of a communist conspiracy to overthrow the US government

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

all new hires for a job in the US had to get investigated by the government; this was to identify potential security risks, particularly suspected communist affiliations

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Investigated threats of subversion and propaganda that attacked the US government; investigated alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and organizations suspected of having Communist ties

J. Parnell Thomas

Chairman of HUAC, where he played a key role in fueling the anti-communist investigations of the time

Pat McCarran

Democratic senator who leads the hunt for communists in the movie industry, labor unions, state departments, and the United Nations. Also created the McCarran-Walter Act

Alger Hiss

A former government lawyer and state dept. official who was with Roosevelt at the Yalta conference. A Soviet spy. Filed a defamation lawsuit against Whittaker Chambers. Would have gone to Jail for espionage, but the statute of limitations does not let him. Put in prison for 5 years for perjury.

Whittaker Chambers

Called to corroborate the testimony of Elizabeth Bentley and gave up the Pumpkin Papers; senior editor at TIME Magazine

Julius Rosenberg

Soviet spy who was put on trial for giving the Soviets information about the atomic bomb. Executed on the electric chair.

Ethel Rosenberg

Typed David Greenglass's notes for the soviet union; also involved in espionage for the soviets; Executed by the electric chair; 1st woman executed in almost 100 years

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; gives the 70-20-10 rule; self-development then compromise with nationalists then fight the Japanese

Thermonuclear

called hydrogen bombs, were a type of nuclear weapon; these are much stronger than earlier atomic bombs

Security Council

Organization that keeps the peace among UN members; member nations must do as the council decides; 15 members, 5 permanent(US, GB, France, China and Soviets), 2 year terms

Blacklist

referred to a list of people, mainly in Hollywood, suspected of being communists and who should not be hired

Hollywood Ten

a group of ten screenwriters and directors in the late 1940s who refused to testify before the HUAC about their alleged communist affiliations. As a result, they were blacklisted and jailed for contempt of Congress.

Federal Civil Defense Administration

flood U.S. with info on how to survive nuclear attack; provided guidance on civil defense measures, such as building fallout shelters, conducting evacuation plans, and educating the public on how to protect themselves from nuclear threats

West Berlin

a democratic area surrounded by communist East Germany; Soviets blocked all access to this place by ground; had to receive supplies from U.S. and GB by plane

Collective Security

the ideal within NATO that an armed attack against 1 or more members should be considered an attack against them all

East Germany

a communist country controlled by the Soviet Union after being divided up at the end of WWII

West Germany

a democratic country split up between and supported by the US, GB, and France; it was the front line of the Cold War in Europe which hosted NATO troops to deter aggression from the East

Jiang Jieshi

Leader of the Nationalist Party in China; supported by the U.S.; after U.S. stopped giving support, China fell to communism and this person + his followers went to Taiwan