Terms I Need to Know for APUSH

Egalitarian

believing in the social and economic equality of all people

Oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Populist Party

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

Which of the following presidents was most involved in Latin American politics in the twentieth century?

Theodore Roosevelt

bigamy

the crime of marrying one person while still legally married to another.

Puritans

The Puritans believed that the freedom to practice religion should be extended to only themselves.

Roger Williams

Puritan that disagreed with the strict religious practices and advocated for the separation of church and state.

Puritans emigration during 1649-1660

Halted as they controlled the government and enforced their beliefs, leading to a decrease in migration due to political and religious restrictions.

Halfway Covenant

extended the privilege of baptism to all children of baptized people, not just those who had the personal experience of conversion.

Shay’s Rebellion

was an armed uprising in 1786-1787 by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and the lack of government support.

Whiskey Rebellion

An uprising in 1794 by farmers in Pennsylvania against tax on whiskey, reflecting tensions between rural citizens and federal authority.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A conflict between Native American tribes and British forces in 1763, led by Chief Pontiac, aimed at resisting British expansion into the Great Lakes region.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial Virginia government, highlighting issues of class struggle and frontier hardships.

What rebellion did Washington crush?

The Whiskey Rebellion.

When was California’s Gold Rush?

The California Gold Rush began in 1848 and lasted until 1855, attracting a diverse population seeking fortune.

How did America get Oregon?

The United States acquired Oregon through a treaty with Britain in 1846, following the Oregon Trail's settlement by American pioneers.

Populist Party was more like which party?

Reform Party, but also some of Progressive Party

What did populists resent?

The influence of big business and the power of banks over government policies. (Anything with industrialization)

What did the Radical Republicans want Lincoln to do?

Immediately end slavery and ensure civil rights for freedmen.

When did Republicans switch to more conservative ideals?

In the 1960s, particularly during the Goldwater campaign.

Underwood Tariffs of 1913

A set of tariffs enacted to lower tariff rates and to introduce a graduated income tax as a means of compensating for lost revenue.

Was the underwoof tariffs supported by progressives?

Yes, progressives supported the Underwood Tariffs as they aimed to reduce tariffs and promote a more equitable tax system.

What was the belief about leaders who controlled labor unions?

They were often viewed as corrupt and marxist, with concerns about their influence on politics and the economy.

Neoconservatism

A political philosophy that emerged in the 1970s, advocating for free-market capitalism, a strong national defense, and a skeptical view of social welfare programs.

Which party did Neoconservatives typically dislike?

The Democratic Party

Johnson was also engaged with?

Undermining communism in Southeast Asia through the Vietnam War, after the Tet Offensive.

Burning of Jamestown

The event in 1676 during Bacon's Rebellion where the settlement was attacked and partially destroyed by Nathaniel Bacon and his followers, protesting against Governor William Berkeley's policies and perceived lack of support for frontier settlers.

Why were confrontations such as those in the excerpt rare in the New England colonies?

These confrontations were rare due to a combination of factors, mostly subsistence farming instead of cash crops.

What was the Burning of Jamestown more alike?

Turner’s Rebellion

Why did Jackson veto the charter of the second bank?

To limit federal power and promote state banks.

Why was the Election of 1824 a turning point?

It marked a significant shift in American politics as it led to the emergence of new political parties and the controversial decision of the House of Representatives choosing the president, a shift away from the previous Republican dominance.

Did Democrats support slavery in the past?

Yes, the Democratic Party historically supported the institution of slavery, particularly in the South, before its evolution into a party advocating for civil rights.

When did the democratic party stop supporting the institution of slavery?

The Democratic Party began to distance itself from slavery during the Civil War, particularly after the 1860s, as the focus shifted towards civil rights and equality.

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

A law aimed at assimilating Native Americans into American society by allotting them individual plots of land and granting U.S. citizenship.

Who is Dawes?

The Dawes Severalty Act is named after Henry L. Dawes, a U.S. senator from Massachusetts who sponsored the legislation aimed at assimilating Native Americans.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement passed in 1820 aimed at maintaining the balance between slave and free states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Created the 36’30 line

Compromise of 1850

A series of legislative measures aimed at resolving sectional tensions over slavery, notably including the Fugitive Slave Act and California's admission as a free state.

Compromise of 1833

It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years.

Crittenden Compromise

A failed proposal by Senator John J. Crittenden in 1860 aimed at preventing the Civil War by allowing slavery in territories south of the Missouri Compromise line while re-establishing the line itself.

Compromise of 1877

A political agreement that resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from Southern states, effectively ending Reconstruction in exchange for resolving the disputed 1876 presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes.

Atlanta Compromise

A framework articulated by Booker T. Washington in 1895 that suggested African Americans should focus on vocational training and economic self-help while accepting segregation temporarily in exchange for basic rights.

antebellum

referring to the period in American history before the Civil War, characterized by economic, social, and political changes.

Treaty of Paris

Agreement that ended the American Revolution, 1783.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Era of Good Feelings

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity. 1812

Battle of New Orleans

Hartford Convention - end of Federalist Party

Election of 1800

Peaceful transfer of power, as the position was handed over to someone of a different political party.

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

Election of 1860

Lincoln’s election, began Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln Assassinated

1865

military-industry

Reaganomics

• Believed reducing corporate taxes would lead to greater profits, job creation, and wealth trickle down

• Large-scale deregulation in banking, industry, and environment

• Across-the-board tax cut for all Americans

Military Spending and Budget Deficits under Reagan

Military Spending Increase, Escalated arms race with USSR, Historians debate contribution to end of Cold War, Increased Deficit, Tax cuts, increased military spending, and failure of New Federalism led to increase in federal budget deficit

Iran-Contra Affair

Americans kidnapped in Beirut by Iranian govt, so deal, scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected, Poindexter and North involved

Northwestern Ordinance

Process of territories becoming new states in the union. They were initiated as a territory, but when the population grew large enough, could become a state. Slavery was prohibited in these new territories.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.