Human Anatomy Systems: Nervous, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Urinary, Reproductive, and Lymphatic

Nervous System

Control of body functions, Homeostasis, responds to stimuli

Brain

Controls body functions/integrates information

Spinal Cord

Communication area, reflexes

Cardiovascular System

Transports water and CO2 away from cells and Nutrients and O2, among other substances, towards cells

Blood

Connective tissue

Heart

Pumps blood to lungs and the entire body

Inferior Vena Cava

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower part of the body

Descending Aorta

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lower part of body

Respiratory System

Brings O2 in and CO2 out of the body

Trachea

Conduit for O2 and CO2

Left Lung

Area of gas exchange

Right Lung

Area of gas exchange

Left Primary Bronchus

Conduit for O2 and CO2

Right Primary Bronchus

Conduit for O2 and CO2

Diaphragm

Causes thoracic cavity pressure to decrease allowing lungs to inspire air, relaxation causes exhalation

Digestive System

Ingestion, digestion, absorption of foodstuffs, elimination of solid wastes

Esophagus

Conduit for food

Stomach

Digest protein and stores and mixes food

Pancreas

Makes alkaline pancreatic juices and digestive enzymes

Liver

Processes nutrients, stores glucose as glycogen, produces bile, and detoxifies

Gallbladder

Stores bile

Small Intestine

Produces digestive enzymes and has infoldings of inner surface for absorption of digested food

Large Intestine

Reabsorbs water and electrolytes, bacterial flora makes vitamins

Cecum

Proximal portion of the large intestine

Vermiform Appendix

Vestigial appendage, prone to infection resulting in appendicitis

Mesentery

Covering organs, part of it is seen here- Serous membrane netting that allows blood vessels and nerves to supply abdominal cavity organs

Rectum

Conduit for solid wastes

Anus

Opening of the alimentary tube for discharge of solid waste

Endocrine System

Production of hormones, homeostasis

Right Adrenal Gland

Produces hormones

Left Adrenal Gland

Produces hormones

Thyroid

Produces hormones

Urinary System

Removal of liquid nitrogenous waste from body and responsible for water, electrolyte and acid/base balance of blood

Left Kidney

Filters blood, produces urine

Right Kidney

Filters blood, produces urine

Left Ureter

Conduit for urine

Right Ureter

Conduit for urine

Urinary Bladder

Stores urine

Female Reproductive System

Production of germ cells/egg, perpetuation of species

Ovary

Produces female gamete

Uterine Tube

Site of fertilization of ovum, conduit of zygote and ovum

Uterus

Incubation area of embryo/ fetus

Vagina

Copulatory organ, birth and menstrual canal

Male Reproductive System

Production of germ cells/sperm perpetuation of species

Scrotum

Repository for the testes

Testes

Produce male gametes

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

Conduit for sperm

Prostate Gland

Produces an alkaline secretion that activates sperm

Penis

Copulatory organ of the male

Immune/Lymphatic System

Guards body from microbial invasion, absorbs and transport of lymph

Spleen

Red blood cell graveyard, contains lymphocytes