Infection: Vaccine

infant vaccines

hep B, RV, PCV13, DTap, IPV, hip

toddler vaccines

hep A, MMR, varicella

preschool vaccines

boosters of DTap, MMR, varicella, IPV

adolescent vaccines 

menactra, HPV 

hep B

IM route

DTap

diphtheria tetanus pertussis, IM route

PCV13

protects against streptococcal pneumonia, IM route

Hib

protects against haemophilus influenza bacteria, IM route

IPV

protects against poliovirus, IM route

RV

rotavirus, live vaccine, PO route

cause and what is pertussis

whooping cough, caused by bacteria bordetella pertussis

transmission of pertussis

direct contact or droplet spread

early s/s of pertussis

regular respiratory infection, coryza, sneezing, lacrimation, cough, low grade fever

later s/s of pertussis and how long does it last

short rapid coughs followed by a high pitched whooping sound, posttussive emesis, fatigue, apnea, last about 10 weeks

nursing interventions of pertussis

NPO, encourage fluids, adequate oxygenation, position to side, compliance with antibiotics therapy for household contacts

how is pertussis diagnosed

nasopharyhgeal culture

isolation precaution of pertussis

standard and droplet

hep A

disease of the liver, IM route, wash hands

MMR

measle mumps and rubella, live vaccines, subcutaneous route

varicella

live vaccine, subcutaneous route

measles 

highly contagious, lives in nose and throat 

measles transmission

direct contact with droplets

measles s/s

fever, cough, runny nose, coryza, watery eyes, followed by a full body rash

full body rash of measles 

uniformed, starts in the face and moves down 

meds for measles

ibuprofen until 6 months, acetaminophen, no aspirin

nursing care for measles

meds, encourage rest, eye and skin care

eye care for measles

dim lights, clean eye lids with warm saline, prevent child from rubbing their eyes 

skin care for measles

keep skin clean

isolation precautions for measles and how long do they stay in isolation 

airborne precautions, until the 5th day of the rash 

mumps transmission

direct contact with or droplet spread, can spread before the signs present itself 

mumps s/s

fever, headache, muscle ache, malaise, anorexia, tender salivary glands 

mumps symptomatic care

encourage rest, fluids, soft bland diet, analgesics, hot or cold compresses

mumps isolation precautions

droplet and contact

what is varicella known as

chicken pox

transmission of varicella

direct contact and droplet (airborne) spread

varicella s/s

blister like rash, pruritic, headache, fatigue, slight fever, anorexia

phases of varicella blister like rash

papule, vesicle, crust

varicella nursing care

keep child at home until vesicles dried (1 week after onset), isolate high risk children, keep cool, apply pressure to pruritic area, avoid aspirin, skin care 

skin care for varicella

bath, change clothes and linens daily, administer topical calamine lotion, fingernails clean and shorts, mittens 

isolation precautions for varicella and how long to they stay in isolation

standard, airborne, and contact until all lesions are crusted over

fifth disease, erythema infectiosum

slap cheek syndrome, no vaccine, contagious

transmission of fifth disease

respiratory secretions and blood

fifth disease s/s

fever, chills, nausea, body ache, 3 stages of rash

3 stages of rash for fifth disease 

bright red cheeks, maculopapular symmetrical red spots, fading rash with reoccurrence from heat or irritation 

fifth disease management 

no specific treatment, treat symptoms, spontaneous recovery, antipyretics, analgesic, antiinflammatory, hydration, soothing bathes for itchiness

scarlet fever

results from untreated step A (strep throat)

scarlet fever transmission

direct contact and droplet spread

scarlet fever s/s

high fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, malaise, swollen, redpatches of exudates, white strawberry tongue on day 1, red strawberry tongue on day 4, full body rash, sandpaper torso, halatosis 

scarlet fever management

oral antibiotics, encourage rest, analgesics, encourage fluids, eat if they want 

mentactra

high fatality, protects from meningitis, IM route

HPV

IM route

live vaccine contraindications

immunocompromised, transplant, chemo patients

subcutaneous needle size, gauge, site

5/8 inch, fatty tissue behind thigh or arm, 23-25

IM route needle size and site for infant

1 inch, vastus lateralis