Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, including definitions of important hormones, types of fat, and therapeutic approaches.

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body fat, defined as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2.

Adipose Tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores fat and acts as an endocrine organ by secreting hormones.

Adipocytes

Fat-storing cells that store calories as triglycerides and can increase in size or number.

Adipokines

Cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that regulate various functions such as appetite, metabolism, and immune response.

Leptin

A hormone produced by adipose cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.

Adiponectin

A 'good' adipokine associated with increased insulin sensitivity and anti-inflammatory effects.

Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of conditions, including hypertension, elevated blood sugar and triglycerides, that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Ghrelin

A hormone that stimulates hunger and is decreased in obesity.

Insulin Resistance

A condition where cells fail to respond to insulin properly, often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure calculated by dividing an individual's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.

Bariatric Surgery

A surgical procedure performed on the stomach and/or intestines to promote weight loss in obese individuals.

Visceral Fat

Fat stored around the organs in the abdominal cavity, associated with increased health risks.

Subcutaneous Fat

Fat stored beneath the skin, which is less actively harmful compared to visceral fat.

Dyslipidemia

Abnormal levels of lipids in the blood often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, a frequent condition associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Cytokines

Proteins that are important in cell signaling, often released during inflammatory responses.

Orlistat

An FDA-approved medication that reduces fat absorption by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic enzymes.