Chapter 9: The Skin - Disorders and Diseases

On what part of the body is the skin the thinnest?

Eyelids

Which of the following is the outer layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

The epidermis contains no ___, but has many small never endings.

Blood Vessels

What epidermis layer is responsible for the growth of the epidermis?

Stratum germinativum

Subcutaneous tissue, also known as _ tissue, is a layer of fatty tissue found below the dermis.

Adipose

What substance lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair?

Sebum

Which nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to control muscle movement?

Motor

What layer of the dermis contains the lymph glands?

Reticular

_ supply nourishment to the skin in the form of protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

Blood and lymph

What can occur to the skin when collagen fibers become weakened?

Wrinkles and sagging of the skin

The color of the skin, whether fair or dark, depends on genetics and _.

Melanin

One of the most prominent characteristics of aged skin is its _.

Loss of elasticity

What body system controls the activity of sweat glands, which regulate body temperature and help to eliminate waste products from the body?

Nervous

The outermost layer of the epidermis is covered with a thin layer of sebum, which makes skin _.

Waterproof

What is sebum secretion affected by?

Hormones

How much do humans perspire daily?

1 to 2 pints

__ is a function of the skin that protects the body from the environment.

heat regulation

The skin protects the body from injury and ___.

Pathogens

A __ is a small blister or sac containing clear fluid lying within or just beneath the epidermis.

Vesicle

An example of a bulla is ___.

Impetigo

Which of the following primary lesions requires a medical referral?

Cyst

A wheal can be cause by _.

A mosquito bite

An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color is a .

Tumor

Severely cracked or chapped hands or lips is considered a(n).

Fissure

An excoriation could be caused by .

Nail biting

Which of the following is a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue?

Keloid

What type of lesions are characterized by an accumulation of material on the skin surface or by depressions in the skin surface.

Secondary

Psoriasis is characterized by a(n) ___.

thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flake

Which of the following is a recurring viral infection that produces fever blisters or cold sores characterized by single vesicle or group vesicles with red, swollen bases?

Herpes simplex I

_ occurs when irritating substances, such as chemicals or tints, temporarily damage the epidermis.

irritant contact dermatitis

Which of the following conditions may spread to other parts of the body by contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or objects?

Ivy dermatitis

usually occurs on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, or lower back, but rarely on the face.

Psoriasis

Dermatitis lesions may appear in various forms, such as ___.

Vesicles

Excessive oiliness on the skin or scalp may indicate the presence of ___.

Seborrhea

Which of the following disorders of the sebaceous glands is commonly associated with newborn babies?

Milia

What disorder of the sudoriferous glands can be life threatening and requires medical attention?

Anhidrosis

results in foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet.

Bromhidrosis

What disorder of the sudoriferous glands is caused by exposure to excessive heat and usually clears in a short time without treatment?

Miliaria rubra

What is the technical term for freckles?

Lentigines

An absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes, is known as .

Albinsim

Which of the following changes in the pigmentation of the skin is commonly referred to as liver spots in older adults?

Lentigines

__ is caused by a burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.

Leukoderma

Skin with vitiligo must be ___.

Protected from overexposure to the sun

Which of the following is also known as a birthmark?

Nevus

A callus is a ___ that is caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin.

keratoma

Any change in a mole requires .

Medical attention

Which of the following is caused by a virus and is infectious?

Wart

can spread from one location to another, particularly along a scratch in the skin.

Verruca

If the thickening of a callus grows inward, it is called a _.

Corn

Where do skin tags most frequently occur?

Neck and chest

The most common and least severe skin cancer is .

basal cell carcinoma

What type of skin cancer is characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised?

Malignant melanoma

The American Cancer Society recommends using the ABCDE Cancer Checklist to help make potential skin cancer easier to recognize. What does the "D" stand for in this acronym?

Diamater

What vitamin is important to skin and tissue repair?

C

Vitamin E ___.

Helps to fight against the harmful effects of the sun's rays

The American Cancer Society recommends using the ABCDE Cancer Checklist to help make potential skin cancer easier to recognize. What does the "C" stand for in this acronym?

Color

Basal cell carcinoma has what percentage of a survival rate with early diagnosis and treatment?

90%

Which of the following skin cancers is the least common of the cancers, but is 100 percent fatal if left untreated?

Malignant melanoma

Early detection and treatment of malignant melanoma can result in a 94 percent 5-year survival rate, which drops drastically, to 62 percent, once it reaches the .

lymph nodes

Using sunscreen with an __ when in the sun is necessary to protect the skin.

SPF 30

___ and protection are the major factors involved in maintaining the skin's overall health and appearance.

Diet

Which of the following is a small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black?

Mole

The change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light is a .

Tan

Characteristics of ___ include eyes that are pink, and skin that is sensitive to light and ages early.

Albinism

Which of the following are irregularly shaped dark spots, sometimes found on the scalp and ears and often first detected by a barber?

Melanomas

Sores that do not heal or unexpected skin bleeding may be symptoms of __.

Skin cancer