ARCH 1000 Columns and Mosques

Column Type?

Doric

Column Type?

Ionic

Column Type?

Corinthian

Column Type?

Tuscan

Column Type?

Composite

The Colosseum

Completed 80 BCE

Rome

*the column orders of architecture

Umayyad Mosque

705-715 CE

Damascus, Syria

*Commissioned by Caliph Abd al-Malik

Süleymaniye Mosque

1550-1557 CE

Istanbul, Turkey

*Commissioned by Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent

*Architect: Sinan Pasha

Great Mosque of Cordaba

711-715

al-Andalus, Spain

Parts of Mosque

qibla

direction of wall that faces Mecca and has the most shadow

Where did the first Qibla face?

first Qibla faced Jerusalem then to moved Mecca

mihrab

embellished prayer niche on the qibla wall (niche embedded into wall)

minbar

pulpit (raised stand)

minaret

a tower where Muslims call to prayer

Describe earlier minarets

-Earliest Persian minarets were square until the early 11th century, decorated and then tapering brick shafts

-Iraqi minaret’s borrow ziggurat form.

ambulatory

aisled spaces around which to walk inside a building

squinch

filling in or rounding off the corner or upper angles of a square room to form a base

hypostyle

A building made up of rows of columns

Imam

Leader of prayer, literally means ”in front.”

Mihrab of Qayrawan

Tunisia

Al-Mutawakkil’s Great Mosque

Samara, Iraq

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Minbar

As-sahibiyya Mosque

Aleppo (minbar)

Depiction from al-Harriri’s book of poetry

Minbar