Lecture on Glycolysis and Fatty Acid Metabolism

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, highlighting enzymes, processes, and key concepts discussed during the lecture.

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Enzyme that removes phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate to produce glucose.

Anaerobic glycolytic system

Energy system that provides energy through glycolysis for short bursts of activity, effective for about 2 minutes.

Hexokinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

Intramuscular triglycerides

Storage form of energy in muscle cells, composed of glycerol and fatty acids.

Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP)

Proteins that facilitate the transport of fatty acids into cells.

Fatty Acid Translocase (FAT/CD36)

Transport protein that helps long-chain fatty acids enter muscle cells.

Beta oxidation

Metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria.

Acetyl CoA

A two-carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle after being derived from glycolysis or fatty acid oxidation.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

Enzyme that breaks down stored fats into free fatty acids and glycerol; sensitive to epinephrine.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Process of producing ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from another molecule.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; acts as an electron carrier in metabolic processes.

FADH2

Flavin adenine dinucleotide; also acts as an electron carrier, contributing to ATP production in the electron transport chain.

Calcium

An ion that plays a critical role in muscle contraction and the activation of enzymes in metabolism.

Insulin

A hormone that facilitates glucose uptake in cells; also stimulates glycogen synthesis.

Glycogen sparing

The process by which the body preserves glycogen stores for later use by utilizing other energy sources.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding energy.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.