GLOBAL PREHISTORY VOCAB

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38 Terms

1

anthropomorphic

human-like

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2

art mobiler

small-scale prehistoric art that is moveable, such as the Apollo 11 Cave Stones.

<p>small-scale prehistoric art that is moveable, such as the <em>Apollo 11 Cave Stones.</em></p>
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3

avian

something related to birds

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4

bicephalic

two-headed figures

<p>two-headed figures</p>
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5

bovid

the bovidae are the biological family of mammals that includes bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle

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6

camelid

a member of the camelidae family, such as camels, llamas, and alpacas

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7

dentate

something that has a tooth-like or serrated edge

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8

exogenous materials

materials that originated elsewhere

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9

hominids

a primate of family (Hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors, and also some great apes; humans evolved from an earlier specifics of hominids

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10

homo sapiens

anatomically modern humans who evolved from an earlier species of hominids

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11

maize

also known as corn; first domesticated by Indigenous peoples in what is today Mexico c. 10,000 years ago

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12

Melanesia

\n refers to a region of the western Pacific that includes the islands and island groups of Fiji, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu

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13

Mesoamerica

refers to the diverse civilizations that shared similar cultural characteristics in the geographic areas comprising the modern-day countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica

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14

Micronesia

the region of the western Pacific referred to as Micronesia includes the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Kiribati, Mariana Islands, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, and Wake Island

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15

Middle Stone Age

a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age, generally considered to have begun around 280,000 years ago and ended around 50–25,000 years ago

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16

mortars and pestles

a mortar is a bowl and pestle is an object used to grind against the sides of the mortar; they are commonly made of hard material such as stone and are often used to prepare food

<p>a mortar is a bowl and pestle is an object used to grind against the sides of the mortar; they are commonly made of hard material such as stone and are often used to prepare food</p>
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17

Neanderthals

an extinct species of humans named after the site in which their bones were first discovered—the Neander Valley in Germany; they existed between c. 120,000–35,000 years ago

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18

Neolithic period

literally means "New Stone Age," and dates from the 6th–4th millennium B.C.E.

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19

Neolithic Revolution

dates to c. 10,00–3,000 B.C.E, and refers to when humans began to settle into communities, domesticate animals, and grow crops

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20

nomad

an individual who roams about without a fixed residence

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21

oryx

a large grazing antelope

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22

paddle-and-anvil technique

a method of smoothing and finishing the walls of hand-made pottery; the anvil is held against the inner walls while a paddle is used to shape the outer surface

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23

Paleolithic

literally means "Old Stone Age," and dates from c. 2.5 millions years ago–10,000 B.C.E. It predates the Neolithic period

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24

petroglyph

a rock engraving in which an image has been pecked or cut into the rock

<p>a rock engraving in which an image has been pecked or cut into the rock</p>
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25

Polynesian Triangle

stretches from Hawai'i in the north to Aotearoa (New Zealand) in the south, and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the east

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26

potsherds

fragments of pottery

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27

prehistoric

literally means before the invention of writing

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28

sacrum

the large triangular bone at the base of the spine

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29

shaman

a kind of priest or healer with powers involving the ability to communicate with spirits of other worlds

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30

Shang Dynasty

the earliest Chinese dynasty verified by scholars, ruling from c. 1600–1050 B.C.E.

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31

simting bilong tumbuna

literally translates as the “bones of the ancestors”; Enga term for a class of cult objects which were used as powerful ritual mechanisms where ancestors reside

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32

slipped pottery

made up of tiny particles of clay suspended in water and can be colored with iron oxide or other minerals to decorate the surface of a pot

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33

stele

a vertical stone monument or marker often inscribed with text or relief carving

<p>a vertical stone monument or marker often inscribed with text or relief carving</p>
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34

stratigraphic archaeology

the study of stratification, or layers deposited one atop another over time

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35

temper

often sand or other added materials, temper reduces the elasticity of clay (how much it shrinks) and helps to avoid cracking during the firing process

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36

Therianthrope

a supernatural creature that is part animal and part human

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37

trilithon

a pair of upright stones with a lintel stone spanning their tops

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38

twisted perspective

when animal bodies are depicted in profile while we see the horns from a more frontal viewpoint

<p>when animal bodies are depicted in profile while we see the horns from a more frontal viewpoint</p>
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