VOCAB LIST: UNIT 9 GLOBALIZATION

Flashcards created for vocabulary review from the lecture notes on globalization.

1918 Influenza Pandemic

An avian flu that affected 500 million people worldwide and resulted in 50 million deaths.

Air Pollution

The presence or introduction of harmful or poisonous substances into the air.

Albert Sabin

Developed the oral polio vaccine six years after the injectable vaccine.

Alzheimer's Disease

A form of dementia that became a concern after people began living longer.

Americanization

A phenomenon in which people all over the world learned more about the U.S. than Americans learned about the rest of the world.

Anime

A style of Japanese hand-drawn animation that became hugely influential.

Anthropocene

A term used to describe the current era in which humans are the strongest influence on Earth's climate and environment.

Antibiotics

A medical innovation which was useful in curing bacterial infections.

Antiretroviral Drugs

A treatment for HIV developed in the 1990s which hindered HIV from weakening the immune system.

Apartheid

A South African system instituted in 1948 that enforced the segregation of people based on race.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A group of ten nations in Southeast Asia established in 1967 to promote trade.

Asian Tigers

A group of countries including Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan with economic models that closely followed Japan's.

Augusto Pinochet

Took power of Chile in 1973 in a U.S.-backed coup against Salvador Allende.

Battle of Seattle

A 1999 protest at a WTO conference considered the beginning of an anti-globalization movement.

Bollywood

The popular name given to the film industry in Bombay (Mumbai).

Brexit

The nickname for the exit of Britain from the European Union in 2016.

Carbon Footprint

The amount of carbon dioxide that each person produces.

Caste Reservation System

Indian government guaranteed a percentage of jobs for people from underprivileged castes.

Child Labor

A hazard of globalization in West Africa with 2 million children involved in chocolate production.

Cholera

A bacterial disease that spreads through contaminated water affecting poverty-stricken areas.

Christian Barnard

Performed the first heart transplant, a major discovery in the fight against heart disease.

Civil Rights Act

An American act in 1965 that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Consumer Culture

A culture where people focus more on what they buy and own than where they live or what they believe.

Crossbreeding

Breeding two varieties of a plant to create a hybrid.

Deforestation

The loss of Earth's trees due to cutting down trees for agriculture.

Deng Xiaoping

Became the leader of China in 1981 promoting economic growth over equality.

Desertification

The removal of natural vegetation cover through expansion of agricultural lands in dry climates.

Desmond Tutu

South African activist and cleric famous for opposing apartheid.

Doctors Without Borders

An NGO that treated malaria and worked on preventative measures.

Earth Day

A day observed on April 22 focusing on environmental awareness.

Ebola

A deadly viral disease discovered in the Congo in 1976 transmitted through fluids.

Economic Liberalization

The opening up of a country's economy.

Feminism Movements

Demonstrations that stand up for women's rights globally.

Fertility Rates

The rate at which babies are born.

Fossil Fuels

Non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Free Markets

Economic systems based on supply and demand with minimal government control.

F. W. de Klerk

Became acting president of South Africa in 1989 and released Nelson Mandela from prison.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

An international accord from 1947 that removed trade barriers and was replaced by the WTO.

Genetic Engineering

Manipulating cells or organisms to change their basic characteristics.

Global Warming

An increase in the average temperature of the world.

Green Belt Movement

An environmental organization in Kenya aimed at preserving ecosystems.

Greenhouse Gasses

Pollutants that trap heat in the atmosphere, often from industrial processes.

Green Party

A political party focused on environmental issues.

Greenpeace

An agency founded in 1971 that combats various environmental issues.

Green Revolution

Development of high-yield crops to improve food production.

Heart Disease

A condition affecting the heart associated with increased longevity.

HIV/AIDS

A viral immune disorder that caused significant social disruption from 1981 to 2014.

Human Rights

Basic protections common to all people.

International Court of Justice

A judicial body set up by the UN to settle international law disputes.

Jonas Salk

An American researcher credited with developing the injectable polio vaccine.

Knowledge Economy

An economy that creates, distributes, and uses knowledge information.

K-pop

A style of music blending Korean and English popular in the 21st century.

Kyoto Protocol

The first international agreement to reduce carbon emissions signed in 1997.

Léopold Sédar Senghor

Senegalese poet and first president of independent Senegal.

Liberation Theology

A movement combining rights with religious ideology in Latin America.

Mahindra & Mahindra

An India-based multinational corporation producing vehicles and energy.

Malala Yousafzai

Pakistani activist advocating for girls' education.

Malaria

A disease spread by mosquitoes in tropical areas associated with poverty.

Maquiladoras

Factories built in Mexico as a result of NAFTA.

Mercosur

A South American regional trade organization.

Modernism

Rejection of tradition in favor of experimentation and uncertainty.

Multinational Corporation

A business incorporated in one country but operating in others.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

A 1994 agreement promoting tariff-free trade among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Negritude Movement

A movement in French West Africa emphasizing black identity and culture.

Nelson Mandela

The 11th president of South Africa, known for opposing apartheid.

Nestlé

The largest food company, a Swiss multinational involved in many controversies.

New Age Religions

Forms of traditional religions adapted for Western audiences.

Nissan

A Japanese multinational corporation that produces vehicles.

Nuclear Power

An energy technology that increased productivity and production.

Olympic Games

Established in 1896, reflecting an early sense of nationalism.

Online Commerce

Shopping that moved online, contributing to globalization.

Pandemics

Epidemic diseases that spread across national borders.

Pariah State

A nation considered undesirable or an outcast in the international community.

Paris Agreement

A deal signed in 2015 by 195 countries to combat climate change.

Pass Laws

South African laws requiring identification for black South Africans during apartheid.

Peacekeeping

A UN priority advocating conflict prevention through diplomacy.

Polio

A viral disease caused by contaminated water, leading to paralysis or death.

Pope Francis

First pope from Latin America, reversed opposition to liberation theology.

Popular Culture

The culture of everyday people as opposed to the educated elite.

Protective Tariffs

Taxes imposed on foreign imports.

Rana Plaza Factory

An eight-story building in Bangladesh that collapsed in 2013.

Refugees

People fleeing their home countries due to war, disasters, or famine.

Reggae

Music from Jamaica blending various musical styles, associated with Rastafari.

Renewable Energy

Energy from resources that can be replenished.

Shipping Containers

Standard-sized units for transport on trucks, trains, or ships.

Smallpox

A disease with a global vaccine campaign declared successful in 1979.

Tiananmen Square

A peaceful protest in China in 1989 met with deadly force.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

Efforts to restore trust in post-apartheid South Africa.

Tuberculosis (TB)

An airborne lung infection associated with poverty.

Uighur

A Muslim ethnic group in China at the center of social unrest.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Created to repair war damage and protect cultural sites.

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

A humanitarian organization founded to provide food for children post-WWII.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A foundational UN document outlining basic rights for all people.

Urbanization

The increasing number and size of densely populated cities.

Vaccines

Medical innovations that prevent serious diseases, widespread after 1900.

Voting Rights Act

An American act that banned discrimination in voting in 1965.

Wangari Maathai

First African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, known for environmental activism.

Water Scarcity

Lack of access to clean drinking water.

World Food Program (WFP)

Established by the UN to provide food aid to countries in need.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Took over GATT's operations in 1995 to govern international trade.