Carbohydrate Metabolism - Lecture 31

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation, and metabolic pathways.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The metabolic pathway in which ATP is produced through electron transport and chemiosmosis.

ATP synthesis

The process of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by converting ADP and inorganic phosphate.

NADH

A reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that regenerates NAD+ under anaerobic conditions to allow glycolysis to continue.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

The process by which pyruvate is reduced to lactate, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Alcohol Fermentation

The process of converting pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Citric Acid Cycle

A series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria that processes acetyl CoA to produce NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

Acetyl CoA

A key metabolic intermediate that enters the citric acid cycle.

Chemiosmosis

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, driving the synthesis of ATP.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to generate a concentration gradient.

Energy Yield of Glucose

The process of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation yielding approximately 30-32 ATP per glucose molecule.