3.1 & 3.2 geography

Cultural landscape

A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values. 

Sequent occupancy

The idea that different cultures have occupied and influenced a specific place over time, leaving behind layers of evidence of their presence.

Attitude towards ethnicity and gender including what ?

Role of women gender spaces ethnic neighborhoods

Helping shape the use of space in a given society 

Define ethnicity 

a sense of belonging or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. This is different from race which is based on physical characteristics. 

What is a ethnic neighbourhood/Enclave

People of the same ethnicity that cluster together in a specific location, typically within a major city. 

What are ways to see ethnicity on cultural landscape

• Language, religious imagery/buildings, restaurants, specialty stores, markets

ethnic patterns 

There is oftentimes a predictable distribution of ethnicities that can be examined at multiple scales. 

Role of woman

In traditional cultures, oftentimes the primary role of a woman is to have children, NOT be active in education or the workforce.

As countries become more economically and socially developed what happens to roles of woman

They have more access to education the work force and property rights

How do we see role of women in cultural landscape?

• Do women own property and businesses? 

• Are women present in colleges? Women’s dorms?

• Are there women working outside of the home?

What is a genderd space

Places in the cultural landscape utilized to reinforce or accommodate gender roles for men and women.

what are land use patterns as seen on cultural landscape

eflect the cultural values of the people living there. 

• Example #1: Terrace Farming

  • Typically practiced in South, Southeast and East Asia and Latin America

Indigineous land use 

• U.S. Reservation System

  • Indian Removal Act of 1830: Forcibly removed indigenous peoples from land in order to make space and separation from American settlement. -> Trail of Tears
    
    

  • US government established reservations which were plots of land in which tribes were forced to relocate and live. 

What is traditional architecture

Influenced by the environment and built with available local materials. Reflective of history, culture and CLIMATE. 

What is post modern architecture?

Diverse designs, representative of popular culture, business and  economic success. Example: Skyscrapers 

Artifacts

 Visible, physical  objects created by a culture. 

• Houses Clothing 

• Architecture 

• Toys 

• Tools 

• Furniture

Socio Facts

The ways in which a society behaves and organizes institutions. 

• Family 

• School/Education 

• Government 

• Religion 

• Land Use

• Gender Roles

Mentifacts

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.   

• Religious Beliefs 

• Language 

• Food Preferences & Taboos

What are non material coultures

Menti facts & socio facts

Global popular coultre

arge, heterogeneous groups of people, often living in urban areas that are interconnected through globalization and the internet/social media. Quick to change, time-space compression. 

Cultural traits of global/popular coulture

• Architecture: 

  • Materials from factories & manufactured.

  • Glass, steel, drywall, cement

• Land-Use: 

  • Urban & suburban

  • Placelessness:  loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next or does not inspire any strong emotional or cultural ties. Uniform landscape.

Cultural norms

Agreed upon cultural practices or standards that guide the behavior of a culture.

Cultural Taboos

 Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

ethnocentrism

 Judging other cultures in terms of one's own standards and often includes the belief that one’s own culture/ethnic group is better than others.

Cultural Relativism

An unbiased way of viewing another culture, the goal of this is to promote understanding of cultural practices that are not typically part of one’s own culture.

ethnic patterns

predictable distribution of ethnicities that can be examined at multiple scales

cultural realm

areas of work that share cultural traits

These cultural traits compromise a similar cultural landscape

CentriPetal forces

characteristics that unify a country and provide stability

Centrifugal Forces

Characteristics that divide a country and creates instability conflict and violence

Relocation Diffusion

A trait that moves from one location to another ex spread of pizza 

Expansion Diffusion

Spread of a idea through a population in a way that the number of those influenced becomes continuously larger includes contagious hierarchal and stimulus

Contagious diffusion

When cultural traits spreads outwards from its hearth thought contact among people ex memes 67

Stimulus Diffusion

When people adapt an idea from another culture while modifying it to fit their own needs or context, such as the incorporation of foreign cuisine into local cooking styles.

Hierchal Diffusion