Genetics and Inheritance Pre-Assessment

The Pre-assessment for unit 3, Genetics and Inheritance, in the course Introduction to Biology for Vet Techs

Before a cell divides, it must create a copy of its genome. How is this accomplished?

DNA Replication

What's the role of tRNA in translation?

Bring appropriate amino acids to be added to the polypeptide chain

Pea plants can have green or yellow pods, with green dominant to yellow. Two plants heterozygous for pod color are crossed. Approximately what percent of their offspring will have green pods?

75%

An application of genetic engineering is __________, in which a single cell is used to produce additional cells or even tissues

cloning

What's the role of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

Relax the twisting of each DNA helix

Organisms that have their original DNA and the genes of other organisms are

transgenic organisms

A single base pair substitution that inserts a stop codon into a gene is what type of mutation?

Nonsense mutation

The two strands in a double helix of DNA are __________, which means that they're parallel to each other but run in opposite directions

antiparallel

Different versions of a gene that encode different characteristics are called

alleles

Because DNA replication is __________, each double helix created by replication contains a parental DNA strand and a newly synthesized DNA strand

semi-conservative

At the end of a coding sequence of mRNA is a __________ that indicates that the ribosome should stop adding amino acids to peptide chain

stop codon

Which type of RNA is part of the ribosome and carries out protein sythesis?

rRNA

Female mammals inherit two copies of an X chromosomes, one from each parent. During embryonic development, each cell randomly selects one X chromosome to activate and deactivates the other X chromosome. This process is

X-inactivation

People with blood type AB have both the A and B antigens on their red blood cells, providing an example of

codominance

During translation, RNA is read in which direction?

From the 5' end to the 3' end

Cell proliferation

The process of growth and division of cells from an original cell

Cell movement

The process of cell migration that's necessary for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms

Cell differentiation and specialization

Dividing cells in multicellular organisms develop features that enable them to fulfill specific roles

What are included in Chargaff's rule?

*The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine in a given DNA sample.

*The amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

Genetic mutations can affect genes in different ways. What are the two main types of gene mutations?

Germline mutations

Somatic mutations

Which are true of RNA?

- Has the sugar ribose

- Typically is a single strand

- Uses the base Uracil

Law of dominance

Dominant alleles will always be expressed when they're present, while recessive alleles are expressed only when the recessive allele is homozygous

Law of segregation

Each parent donates one copy of an allele for each gene to the offspring

Law of independent assortment

Genes are inherited as distinct, independent units