Guiding Questions for Final Exam Review on the Church

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82 Terms

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Ecclesiology

The study of the church, its nature, structure, and purpose.

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Pentecost

The Christian feast celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, occurring fifty days after Easter.

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Holy Spirit

The third person of the Holy Trinity, believed to be the active presence of God in the world.

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Heresy

A belief or opinion that deviates from established religious doctrine, especially in Christianity.

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Primary Evangelization

The initial proclamation of the Gospel to those who have never heard it.

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New Evangelization

Efforts to re-evangelize those who have experienced a crisis of faith or have drifted away from the church.

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Infallibility

The doctrine that, under certain conditions, the pope is incapable of making an error in pronouncing doctrine on faith and morals.

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Martyr

A person who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce a belief or cause, especially for their faith.

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Ecumenism

The principle or aim of promoting unity among the world's Christian churches.

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Catholic

Relating to the universal church; often specifically refers to the Roman Catholic Church.

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Church Militant

Refers to Christians on earth who are actively engaged in the struggle against sin and evil.

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Church Suffering

Refers to the souls in purgatory who are being purified before they can enter heaven.

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Church Triumphant

Refers to the souls in heaven who have achieved eternal life and are in the presence of God.

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One

United in faith, worship, and leadership.

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Holy

Made holy by Christ/God; offers sacraments.

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Catholic (as a mark of the Church)

Universal; for all people, everywhere; 'whole.'

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Apostolic

Founded on the apostles; led by successors.

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The Apostles

Christ established the Church upon the foundation of the Apostles.

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Bishops

The Apostles appointed and ordained Bishops to be their successors.

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Rites of the Catholic Church (similarities)

Beliefs, sacraments, apostolic origin.

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Rites of the Catholic Church (differences)

Architecture, language, art, culture.

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Magisterium

The teaching authority of the Church.

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Teaching authority/office of the Church

All the bishops and the Pope

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The Church is universal

Catholic

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The Church is united in its faith

One

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The Church teaches its children to know, love, and serve God, and thus to become saints

Holy

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The Pope, bishops, priests, and deacons help us to understand God's teachings

Apostolic

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The highest example and source of this mystery is the unity, in the Trinity of Persons

One

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The Church's main mission is to help all people grow closer to Christ

Holy

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The Church is rooted in the teachings of Christ and the Apostles and continues its mission today

Apostolic

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Wherever we go, whether in Europe, Africa, Asia, etc, we will find the Church established there

Holy

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Petition

A prayer that asks for something, often for oneself or others.

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Adoration

A prayer that expresses deep love and reverence for God.

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Contrition

A prayer that expresses sorrow for sins and asks for forgiveness.

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Thanksgiving

A prayer that expresses gratitude for God's blessings and gifts.

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Formal/Memorized

Prayers that are written down or memorized, often used in specific contexts.

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Vocal

Prayers that are spoken aloud, either individually or in a group.

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Meditation

A reflective prayer that involves deep thinking and contemplation on God or scripture.

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Contemplative

A silent prayer focused on being in God's presence, often without words.

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Devotion

A prayer that expresses dedication and commitment to God, often involving rituals or practices.

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Liturgical

Prayers that are part of a formal worship service, following a set structure.

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Is the Church only visible? Only invisible? Or both?

Both. It is visible because of the people in the Church. It is invisible because of the faith they share.

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Who was the first Christian martyr?

St. Stephen

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What are the two subjects the Pope can speak infallibly about?

Faith and Morals

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What are indulgences?

A reduction of temporal punishment due to sins that have been forgiven.

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What are the five precepts of the Church?

Attend mass on Sundays and Holy days of obligation. Go to confession at least once a year. Receive the Eucharist at least during the Easter Season. Observe the days of fasting and abstinence. Help provide for the needs of the Church.

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What is Heaven? Hell? Purgatory?

Heaven: the ultimate state of eternal happiness and communion with God. Hell: The eternal separation from God. Purgatory: the temporary state of purification for those who die in a state of grace.

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Can we pray for the dead? Why should we?

Yes, it assists in lessening their time in purgatory.

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What is the primary punishment of Hell?

Separation from God.

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Why do Christians (since the times of the Apostles) refer to the Church in the feminine, such as using 'she' or 'her'?

Because it is the bride of Christ.

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Who decides whether someone is separated from God forever?

Us

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Pope

Head of the Church; successor of St. Peter.

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Bishop

Leads a diocese; successor of the Apostles.

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Priest

Serves a parish; celebrates sacraments.

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Consecrated Religious

Takes vows; lives in community (e.g., nuns, monks).

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Laity / Domestic Church

Non-ordained; lives out faith in daily life, especially family.

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Christian

Any baptized Christian person.

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Mission of the Church

Evangelize.

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Baptism - Form

I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

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Baptism - Matter

Water (poured or immersed).

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Baptism - Minister

Ordinary - Bishop, priest, or deacon; Extraordinary - anyone (in emergency, with proper intent).

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Confirmation - Form

Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit.

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Confirmation - Matter

Sacred Chrism (oil) and laying on of hands.

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Confirmation - Minister

Ordinary - Bishop; Extraordinary - priest (with permission).

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Eucharist - Form

Words of Consecration: This is my Body... This is my Blood...

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Eucharist - Matter

Bread (wheat) and wine (grape).

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Eucharist - Minister

Only a validly ordained priest or bishop can consecrate.

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Penance - Form

Words of absolution: I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

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Penance - Matter

Contrition, confession, and satisfaction (penance).

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Penance - Minister

Priest or bishop.

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Anointing of the Sick - Form

Prayer of the priest during the anointing.

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Anointing of the Sick - Matter

Oil of the sick, applied to forehead and hands.

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Anointing of the Sick - Minister

Priest or bishop.

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Holy Orders - Form

Consecratory prayer proper to each degree (deacon, priest, bishop).

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Holy Orders - Matter

Laying on of hands.

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Holy Orders - Minister

Only a bishop.

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Matrimony - Form

Exchange of vows.

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Matrimony - Matter

The mutual consent and bodies of the couple.

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Matrimony - Minister

The couple themselves (in the Latin Church); the priest or deacon is the official witness.

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Difference between Protestants and Catholics

Protestants have 7 fewer books; Catholics pray to saints, and Protestants only pray to God; Protestants believe that the Eucharist is a symbol; Protestants say that the scripture is the only authority.

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Church as Body of Christ

Old: Israel, Noah's Ark, Faithful Remnant; New: Body of Christ, Bride of Christ, Seed of the Kingdom, Family of God, Vine and the Branches, Temple of the Holy Spirit.

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Four Marks of the Church

The Church is One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic.