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Ecclesiology
The study of the church, its nature, structure, and purpose.
Pentecost
The Christian feast celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, occurring fifty days after Easter.
Holy Spirit
The third person of the Holy Trinity, believed to be the active presence of God in the world.
Heresy
A belief or opinion that deviates from established religious doctrine, especially in Christianity.
Primary Evangelization
The initial proclamation of the Gospel to those who have never heard it.
New Evangelization
Efforts to re-evangelize those who have experienced a crisis of faith or have drifted away from the church.
Infallibility
The doctrine that, under certain conditions, the pope is incapable of making an error in pronouncing doctrine on faith and morals.
Martyr
A person who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce a belief or cause, especially for their faith.
Ecumenism
The principle or aim of promoting unity among the world's Christian churches.
Catholic
Relating to the universal church; often specifically refers to the Roman Catholic Church.
Church Militant
Refers to Christians on earth who are actively engaged in the struggle against sin and evil.
Church Suffering
Refers to the souls in purgatory who are being purified before they can enter heaven.
Church Triumphant
Refers to the souls in heaven who have achieved eternal life and are in the presence of God.
One
United in faith, worship, and leadership.
Holy
Made holy by Christ/God; offers sacraments.
Catholic (as a mark of the Church)
Universal; for all people, everywhere; 'whole.'
Apostolic
Founded on the apostles; led by successors.
The Apostles
Christ established the Church upon the foundation of the Apostles.
Bishops
The Apostles appointed and ordained Bishops to be their successors.
Rites of the Catholic Church (similarities)
Beliefs, sacraments, apostolic origin.
Rites of the Catholic Church (differences)
Architecture, language, art, culture.
Magisterium
The teaching authority of the Church.
Teaching authority/office of the Church
All the bishops and the Pope
The Church is universal
Catholic
The Church is united in its faith
One
The Church teaches its children to know, love, and serve God, and thus to become saints
Holy
The Pope, bishops, priests, and deacons help us to understand God's teachings
Apostolic
The highest example and source of this mystery is the unity, in the Trinity of Persons
One
The Church's main mission is to help all people grow closer to Christ
Holy
The Church is rooted in the teachings of Christ and the Apostles and continues its mission today
Apostolic
Wherever we go, whether in Europe, Africa, Asia, etc, we will find the Church established there
Holy
Petition
A prayer that asks for something, often for oneself or others.
Adoration
A prayer that expresses deep love and reverence for God.
Contrition
A prayer that expresses sorrow for sins and asks for forgiveness.
Thanksgiving
A prayer that expresses gratitude for God's blessings and gifts.
Formal/Memorized
Prayers that are written down or memorized, often used in specific contexts.
Vocal
Prayers that are spoken aloud, either individually or in a group.
Meditation
A reflective prayer that involves deep thinking and contemplation on God or scripture.
Contemplative
A silent prayer focused on being in God's presence, often without words.
Devotion
A prayer that expresses dedication and commitment to God, often involving rituals or practices.
Liturgical
Prayers that are part of a formal worship service, following a set structure.
Is the Church only visible? Only invisible? Or both?
Both. It is visible because of the people in the Church. It is invisible because of the faith they share.
Who was the first Christian martyr?
St. Stephen
What are the two subjects the Pope can speak infallibly about?
Faith and Morals
What are indulgences?
A reduction of temporal punishment due to sins that have been forgiven.
What are the five precepts of the Church?
Attend mass on Sundays and Holy days of obligation. Go to confession at least once a year. Receive the Eucharist at least during the Easter Season. Observe the days of fasting and abstinence. Help provide for the needs of the Church.
What is Heaven? Hell? Purgatory?
Heaven: the ultimate state of eternal happiness and communion with God. Hell: The eternal separation from God. Purgatory: the temporary state of purification for those who die in a state of grace.
Can we pray for the dead? Why should we?
Yes, it assists in lessening their time in purgatory.
What is the primary punishment of Hell?
Separation from God.
Why do Christians (since the times of the Apostles) refer to the Church in the feminine, such as using 'she' or 'her'?
Because it is the bride of Christ.
Who decides whether someone is separated from God forever?
Us
Pope
Head of the Church; successor of St. Peter.
Bishop
Leads a diocese; successor of the Apostles.
Priest
Serves a parish; celebrates sacraments.
Consecrated Religious
Takes vows; lives in community (e.g., nuns, monks).
Laity / Domestic Church
Non-ordained; lives out faith in daily life, especially family.
Christian
Any baptized Christian person.
Mission of the Church
Evangelize.
Baptism - Form
I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Baptism - Matter
Water (poured or immersed).
Baptism - Minister
Ordinary - Bishop, priest, or deacon; Extraordinary - anyone (in emergency, with proper intent).
Confirmation - Form
Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit.
Confirmation - Matter
Sacred Chrism (oil) and laying on of hands.
Confirmation - Minister
Ordinary - Bishop; Extraordinary - priest (with permission).
Eucharist - Form
Words of Consecration: This is my Body... This is my Blood...
Eucharist - Matter
Bread (wheat) and wine (grape).
Eucharist - Minister
Only a validly ordained priest or bishop can consecrate.
Penance - Form
Words of absolution: I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Penance - Matter
Contrition, confession, and satisfaction (penance).
Penance - Minister
Priest or bishop.
Anointing of the Sick - Form
Prayer of the priest during the anointing.
Anointing of the Sick - Matter
Oil of the sick, applied to forehead and hands.
Anointing of the Sick - Minister
Priest or bishop.
Holy Orders - Form
Consecratory prayer proper to each degree (deacon, priest, bishop).
Holy Orders - Matter
Laying on of hands.
Holy Orders - Minister
Only a bishop.
Matrimony - Form
Exchange of vows.
Matrimony - Matter
The mutual consent and bodies of the couple.
Matrimony - Minister
The couple themselves (in the Latin Church); the priest or deacon is the official witness.
Difference between Protestants and Catholics
Protestants have 7 fewer books; Catholics pray to saints, and Protestants only pray to God; Protestants believe that the Eucharist is a symbol; Protestants say that the scripture is the only authority.
Church as Body of Christ
Old: Israel, Noah's Ark, Faithful Remnant; New: Body of Christ, Bride of Christ, Seed of the Kingdom, Family of God, Vine and the Branches, Temple of the Holy Spirit.
Four Marks of the Church
The Church is One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic.