BIOET - Confidentiality

Confidentiality

What is the ethical and legal duty of physicians to protect patient information from unauthorized disclosure?

Trust

What core professional value does confidentiality help build between physician and patient?

Honesty and openness

What does confidentiality encourage in the clinical encounter?

Patient welfare

What is the ultimate goal of maintaining confidentiality in medicine?

Autonomy

Which ethical principle emphasizes the patient’s right to control personal information?

Fidelity

Which ethical principle stresses loyalty and faith in the doctor-patient relationship?

Beneficence

Which ethical principle supports confidentiality as a way to promote patient good?

Nonmaleficence

Which ethical principle emphasizes avoidance of harm from disclosure?

Stigma or discrimination

What type of harm can breaches of confidentiality cause, such as social rejection or bias?

Autonomy

What ethical foundation of confidentiality ensures respect for the patient's decision-making and privacy rights?

Republic Act of 10173

What law in the Philippines is known as the Data Privacy Act of 2012?

Republic Act of 2382

What law governs the practice of medicine and includes confidentiality as a duty?

Philippine Medical Association Code of Ethics 2019

What code emphasizes confidentiality as a professional duty of physicians?

World Health Organization

Which international organization upholds patient privacy as a global medical standard?

World Medical Association

Which international association issues ethical standards protecting patient confidentiality?

All patient information

What does confidentiality cover aside from verbal statements and records?

Medical records

What type of patient data is covered by confidentiality in addition to verbal statements?

Photographs and electronic data

What kind of digital or visual information must remain confidential?

Electronic health records

What modern record-keeping system also falls under confidentiality laws?

Diagnostic results

What type of laboratory result is protected under the confidentiality principle?

Not absolute

Is confidentiality considered absolute or limited?

Explicit consent

What type of consent allows disclosure of patient information?

Subpoena

Disclosure may be justified when required by what legal instrument?

Communicable disease

What kind of disease may justify disclosure to protect public safety?

Emergency

Disclosure for the patient’s benefit is justified during what type of medical situation?

Teaching or research

What condition allows disclosure for academic purposes if patient data is de-identified?

De-identification

What should be done to patient information before it is used for educational purposes?

Duty to warn

What ethical principle conflicts with confidentiality in cases of contagious disease?

Justified disclosure after counseling

What is the appropriate physician action when a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus refuses to tell a partner?

Patient consent

What should the physician prioritize before breaching confidentiality in an HIV case?

Privacy breach

What is the ethical issue when a student posts a clinical case on social media?

None

What is the correct ethical justification for posting patient data online?

Re-education and sanction

What disciplinary response is appropriate for a medical student breaching confidentiality?

Privacy versus public health

What ethical dilemma arises when reporting tuberculosis to authorities?

Mandatory reporting law

What legal justification supports the reporting of tuberculosis?

Minimal necessary disclosure

What should be the extent of disclosure in legally required reports?

Public safety

In ethical decision-making, what must be balanced against patient privacy?

Discussing patients in public

What professional behavior should be avoided to prevent accidental disclosure?

De-identify patient information

What should be done before sharing any case for academic or clinical learning?

Posting on social media

What digital action violates confidentiality in clinical education?

Physical and digital records

What type of records should be securely stored to maintain confidentiality?

Seeks ethics committee advice

What should a physician do when uncertain about disclosure boundaries?

Discretion

What professional quality should guide all confidentiality-related decisions?

Empathy and integrity

What two personal traits support professional confidentiality?

Legal duty and patient rights

What should the physician prioritize in managing workplace disclosure of infectious status?

Accountability

What professional responsibility is emphasized by the statement “Confidentiality is not absolute, but its breach always has consequences”?

Conscience

What quality ensures ethical restraint in decisions about information disclosure?

Fidelity

What is the ethical foundation of confidentiality that emphasizes the duty of loyalty?

Professionalism

What should medical students embody to maintain confidentiality in the digital era?

Trust

What single word summarizes the physician’s duty to protect patient privacy?