Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (NCM 100)

Flashcards covering key theories, models, historical eras, and metaparadigm concepts from the NCM 100 Theoretical Foundations in Nursing course notes.

Who authored the textbook "Theoretical Foundations in Nursing" (NCM 100)?

Roseli T Aurelio, MAN, PhD, RN and Myla Wilhelmina R. Gamayon, MAN, RN

What is the origin and literal meaning of the word "theory"?

It comes from the Greek word "theoria", which literally means "a vision" or "a beholding scene".

What was the main focus of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory presented in "Notes on Nursing"?

The manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient.

What was the focus of nursing theory development during the Columbia School era in the 1950s?

Preparing nurses at the graduate level for administrative and faculty positions, with theorists considering patient problems and needs as the focus of practice.

How did theorists from the Yale School in the 1960s view nursing?

They viewed nursing as a process rather than an end in itself, focusing on how nurses deliver care and how patients perceive their situation.

What are the four primary components of a nursing theory?

Assumption, Definition, Concept, and Propositions/Theoretical Assertions.

How does the text distinguish between a discipline and a profession?

A discipline is specific to academia and refers to a branch or domain of knowledge, while a profession refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of that discipline.

What characterized the Curriculum Era (1900–1940s) in nursing education?

A shift beyond physiological knowledge to include social sciences, pharmacology, and nursing procedures, establishing standardized nursing course contents.

What are the two major philosophical perspectives in science described in the text?

Rationalism (using rational senses and deductive reasoning) and Empiricism (relying on sensory experience and observational evidence).

What are the four metaparadigm concepts that form the structure of nursing knowledge?

Person (Human being), Environment, Health, and Nursing.

What structure of nursing knowledge is depicted in this inverted pyramid diagram?

The structure of nursing knowledge ranging from the most abstract level (Metaparadigm, Philosophy, Conceptual Models) down to the most specific level (Theory, Middle Range Theory).

What are the five essential elements of a healthy environment according to Florence Nightingale?

Pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light.

How does Jean Watson define "Carative Factors" in her Theory of Human Caring?

Factors originating from the term "Caritas", which means to cherish, appreciate, give special attention, and care with love.

What are the five stages of skill acquisition in Patricia Benner's Nursing Expertise Model?

Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.

According to Virginia Henderson, what is the primary definition of nursing?

Assisting the individual (sick or well) in performing activities contributing to health, recovery, or a peaceful death that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.

What is the central philosophy of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT)?

That all patients want to care for themselves and recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care to the extent they are able.

What are the three types of nursing systems defined in Orem's theory?

Wholly Compensatory System, Partially Compensatory System, and Supportive-Educative System.

What are the three interacting systems in Imogene King's Conceptual System?

Personal Systems, Interpersonal Systems, and Social Systems.

What five variables comprise the client system in Betty Neuman's Healthcare Systems Model?

Physiological, Psychological, Sociocultural, Developmental, and Spiritual variables.

What are the three levels of prevention as intervention in Neuman's Systems Model?

Primary Intervention (health promotion/prevention), Secondary Intervention (symptom treatment), and Tertiary Intervention (reconstitution/readjustment).

What three categories of environmental stimuli are identified in Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model?

Focal Stimulus, Contextual Stimuli, and Residual Stimuli.

What are the seven behavioral subsystems in Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model?

Attachment-affiliative, Dependency, Ingestive, Eliminative, Sexual, Aggressive, and Achievement subsystems.

What are Myra Estrin Levine's Four Conservation Principles?

Conservation of Energy, Conservation of Structural Integrity, Conservation of Personal Integrity, and Conservation of Social Integrity.

What are the four sequential phases of the nurse-patient relationship in Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations?

Orientation phase, Identification phase, Exploitation phase, and Termination or Resolution phase.

What is the primary function of professional nursing according to Ida Jean Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process Theory?

Finding out and meeting the patient's immediate need for help.

What are the three interlocking circles in Lydia Hall's Care, Core, and Cure Theory?

The Care Circle (intimate bodily care), The Core Circle (therapeutic use of self), and The Cure Circle (medical/pathological care).

How does Faye G. Abdellah differentiate between overt and covert nursing problems?

An overt nursing problem is an apparent condition faced by the patient/family, whereas a covert nursing problem is a concealed or hidden condition.

What is the main goal of Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM)?

To increase a patient's level of well-being through health-promoting behaviors and positive lifestyle choices.

What are the three modes of nursing care decisions and actions in Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory?

1. Cultural Preservation or Maintenance; 2. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation; 3. Culture Care Repatterning or Restructuring.

How is health defined in Margaret Newman's theory of "Health as Expanding Consciousness"?

Health encompasses both disease and non-disease, viewed as the evolving pattern of the person and environment and an expansion of consciousness.

What is Rozzano C. Locsin's definition of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing?

The harmonious coexistence between technology and caring in nursing, where technology is used to know the wholeness of persons continuously in the moment.

What is the focus of Sister Carolina S. Agravante's CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Model?

Developing nurse leaders at the baccalaureate level through a psycho-spiritual servant-leadership formula centered on the teaching of Jesus.

What are the five determinants of positive perceptions in retirement according to Sister Letty Kuan's model?

Health status, Income (economic level), Work status, Family Constellation, and Self-preparation.

What components comprise Carmencita Abaquin's "PREPARE ME" Holistic Nursing Interventions?

Presence and Prayer, Reminisce Therapy, Relaxation Breathing, Meditation, and Values Clarification.

What does the acronym COMPOSURE stand for in Carmelita Divinagracia's model?

Competence, Presence and Prayer, Open-mindedness, Stimulation, Understanding, Respect, Relaxation, and Empathy.

What are the four principles of the theory of Synchronicity in Human-Space-Time by Lim-Saco, Kilat, and Locsin?

Interconnectivity, Equitability, Emancipation, and Human Transcendence.