Caries Management: Decision Making and Non-surgical vs Surgical Therapy 낱말 카드

Tooth decay

What is the most prevalent condition of global public health?

Non-communicable and behavioral disease

The FDI World Dental Federation further classifies caries as a __________________ to emphasize the behavioral aspects of the disease.

Surgical treatments

What is the current approach to managing dental caries which primarily relies on drilling and filling but does not address the underlying disease?

Prevention strategies

What is often overlooked leading to a continuous cycle of caries initiation and treatment?

Medical model

What model focuses on plaque control, reduction of risk levels, preservation of hard tissues, and long term follow up?

Water fluoridation

What is an example of community based fluoride?

Fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash

What are examples of self applied fluorides?

Varnish, SDF, foam, gel

What are examples of professionally applied fluorides?

Topical

Does systemic or topical fluoride strengthen teeth already present in the mouth (post eruption)?

Systemic

Is systemic or topical fluoride ingested and incorporated into forming tooth structures (pre eruption)?

Water fluoridation

What is the most cost effective means of preventing tooth decay?

Fluorosis

What is a potential risk of water fluoridation?

Acute fluoride toxicity

What can occur when someone has too much fluoride in too short of a time?

Chronic fluoride toxicity

What can occur when someone has long term exposure to low or moderate doses of fluoride?

White striations to stained pitting

What appearance does fluorosis appear as on enamel?

False

True or false: water fluoridation is not necessary with how many other sources of fluoride that are currently available.

25%

Water fluoridation can prevent at least what percentage of tooth decay throughout the life span?

Fluoride toothpaste

What is the most common form of self applied fluoride used worldwide?

Smear layer or grain of rice

For children younger than 3, what is the recommended amount of fluoride toothpase?

Pea sized

For children between 3 and 6, what is the recommended amount of fluoride toothpaste?

5 mg/kg

What is the probably toxic dose of fluoride?

High fluoride toothpaste (5000 ppm)

A patient with a history of frequent caries, root caries, or high caries risk due to other factors might be prescribed what?

30-50%

High fluoride toothpaste reduces caries incidence by how much compared to regular toothpaste?

NaF varnish

What is a professionally applied high concentration fluoride (22,600 ppm) product?

2-4

How many times per year can fluoride varnish be applied?

Early white spot caries lesions

What can fluoride varnish reverse?

Fluoride gel

What is a professionally applied acidulated phosphate fluoride (12,300 ppm) used for high caries risk patients and held in the mouth for 1-4 minutes?

Every 3-6 months

How often is fluoride gel applied by a dental professional?

6

Fluoride gel is not recommended for children under what age due to risk of swallowing excess fluoride?

Porcelain and glass ionomer restorations

A disadvantage of fluoride gel is that it can etch or wear down the surface of what?

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF)

What is a topical fluoride agent with an aqueous solution of silver fluoride stabilized by forming metal complex with ammonia?

Prevent new caries and arrest active caries

What is SDF able to do that other fluoride treatments are unable to do?

True

True or false: SDF use on to arrest caries lesions is currently an off label use and the FDA has cleared it for treating tooth sensitivity only.

Silver

In SDF, what has a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth?

Fluoride

In SDF, what enhances mineral formation by forming fluorohydroxyapatite with reduced solubility?

Alkaline property

In SDF, what property might provide an unfavorable environment for collagen enzyme activation?

Synergistic

What effect does the combination of silver and fluoride in an alkaline solution have on arresting caries?

Black

A disadvantage of SDF is that the tooth decay will turn what color?

Pit and fissure sealants

What is an application to prevent bacterial colonization and caries development on primary and permanent teeth in children, adolescents, and adults with high caries risk?

Sealants

What is still underused despite their documented efficacy and the availability of clinical practice guidelines?

Long term

The effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants relies on long or short term retention?

Microorganisms and food

Sealants are a physical barrier that inhibit what from accumulating on the tooths surface?

Primary

Is applying pit and fissure sealants on first and second permanent molars to prevent caries a primary or secondary prevention?

Secondary

Is applying pit and fissure sealants on non-cavitated carious lesions to inhibit or arrest the progression a primary or secondary prevention?

Dry

Is the tooth supposed to be wet or dry when applying sealants?

2-3x

The chance of arresting or reversing non-cavitated occlusal caries with dental sealants is how many times higher when compared with no treatment?

Prevent or arrest

Sealants are effective and safe to _____________ the progression of non-cavitated carious lesions compared with a control or fluoride varnish.

Resin infiltration

What is a minimally invasive technique used to treat incipient interproximal enamel caries?

Low viscosity resin

Resin infiltration is the infiltration of what into porous enamel affected by demineralization?

Diffusion pathways

The purpose of resin infiltrate is to halt caries progression by blocking what of acids and nutrients?

Resin infiltrant

What can be used to treat white spot lesions, initial proximal carious lesions that are non-cavitated, fluorosis, or developmental defects?

Sugar alcohols

What are sweet tasting organic compounds that occur naturally?

Xylitol

What is a 5 carbon sugar alcohol of crystalline structure found in many fruits and plants that achieves equal sweetness to sucrose without physiological requirement for insulin production?

Small intestine

Xylitol can cause problems because it is not absorbed by what?

Saliva

Regular use of chewing gum containing xylitol can prevent dental caries because of its ability to stimulate what?

Microorganisms

Xylitol can inhibit the growth of what present in plaque and saliva?

High fluoride toothpaste

For non-cavitated and cavitated root caries, what is the recommended non-restorative approach?

Fluoride varnish, sealant, resin infiltration, or resin infiltration plus fluoride varnish

For non-cavitated proximal surfaces, what non-restorative technique can be used?

Sealant or sealant plus fluoride varnish

For occlusal non-cavitated surfaces, what non-restorative technique can be used?

Fluoride varnish or fluoride gel

For buccal and lingual non-cavitated surfaces, what non-restorative technique can be used?

SDF

For cavitated occlusal, proximal, buccal, or lingual surfaces, what non-restorative technique can be used?

A

What is the death spiral of restorations?

A. Cycle of long term re-interventions caused by dental caries

B. A cycle of tooth decay caused by restorations

C. A cycle of tooth loss caused by restorations

B

What is the recommended frequency for applying fluoride varnish in children at high caries risk?

A. Once a year

B. Every 3 to 6 months

C. Every month

C

What is the recommended amount of toothpaste for children aged 3 to 6 years old?

A. No fluoride toothpaste until the child is 6 years old

B. A smear (rice grain-sized) amount of fluoride toothpaste

C. A pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste

A

What is the medical model of caries management?

A. preventive approach aiming to eliminate dental caries by addressing its causes and risk factors

B. A surgical approach focusing only on signs and symptoms of dental caries

C. A psychological approach to treating dental caries