CHM 251 Quiz 2 Review

Formula of Alkanes

CnH2n+2

Alkanes are _____ (Sat or unsaturated)

saturated

Alkanes consist of only ____ bonds

single

________ (Sat or unsaturated) hydrocarbons have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms

unsaturated

Alkanes are ______ (atom and bond type)

carbon single bonds

all carbons in alkanes are _____ hybridized

sp3

carbons of alkanes all have a ______ (shape) and ____ degree

tetrahedral, 109.5

naming alkanes is based on ____________

continious carbons

formula: CH4

methane

formula: C2H6

ethane

formula: C3H8

propane

formula: C4H10

butane

formula: C5H12

pentane

formula: C6H14

hexane

formula: C7H16

heptane

formula: C8H18

octane

formula: C9H20

nonane

formula: C10H22

decane

______ form shows all bonds

expanded

_________ shows only bonds between carbons 0 bonds between C-H are understood

semi-condensed

_________ form means all covalent bonds are understood

condensed

_________ shows only actual bonds, each carbon is assumed to be saturated and C-H is implied

line/skeletal

_______ carbon is attached to one other carbon

primary

_______ carbon is attached to two other carbon

secondary

_______ carbon is attached to three other carbon

tertiary

_______ carbon is attached to four other carbon

quarternary

cannot have _____ (degree) hydrogens.

4

alkyl groups: CH3

methyl

alkyl groups: CH2 CH3

ethyl

alkyl groups: CH2 CH2 CH3

propyl

alkyl groups: CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

butyl

alkyl groups: CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

pentyl

alkyl groups: CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

hexyl

alkyl groups are alkanes name minus ______ (ex: Methane Alkane is CH4 - alkyl group if Methyl (CH3)

hydrogen

greek prefix 1

mono

greek prefix 2

di

greek prefix 3

tri

greek prefix 4

tetra

greek prefix 5

penta

greek prefix 6

hexa

greek prefix 7

hepta

greek prefix 8

octa

greek prefix 9

nona

greek prefix 10

deca

review of writing: 2,2-dimethylpropane

R

review of writing: 3-methyl-5propyloctane

combustion formula (balance ofc)

_____ + O2 → CO2 + H20

the more ______ between carbons (from single, to double to triple) the more the oxidation state of carbon increases

bonds

cycloalkanes formula

CnH2n

cycloalkanes have a ____ shape

ring

cycloalkanes are ____ hydrocarbons

saturated

naming cycloalkanes by adding prefix _______ to the alkane with the same number of carbons

cyclo