Chemistry Topic Test Study

Covalent Network  -type of particle

atoms

Molecular solids- type of particle

molecules

Ionic Solid- type of particle

anions and cations

Metallic solids - type of particle

atoms in a sea of delocolised electrons

Covalent Network- type of bonding

covalent bonds

Molecular solids- types of bonding

weak Intermolecular bonds  

Ionic Solid- types of bonding

Ionic bonds  

Metallic solids

Metallic bonding

metallic substance

Metals are made up of a 3D lattice with strong non-directional electrostatic attractions between the positively charged metal nuclei and the sea of delocalised valence electrons called metallic bonding. 

molecular substance

Molecular substances are made up of discrete molecules held together with weak intermolecular forces. These molecules are not charged. 

Ionic solid structure

Giant 3-D Crystal Lattice

Physical Property of Ionic Solid (Hard?)

Hard but brittle

Physical property of ionic solid (Boiling and Melting point)

High melting point, and high boiling point

Ionic solids solubility

Soluble in water but insoluble in polar solvents

Metallic substances (Melting and boiling point)

Very high because of strong bonds

Metallic substances (Malleable?)

Malleable (can be beaten into shape) and ductile (can be stretched into wires) because the layers of atoms can easily slide over each other without breaking the bonds

Metallic substances (Density?)

Dense (particles are tightly packed in the lattice)

Metallic substances (Conductivity?)

Conduct electricity even when solid (electrons can move freely within the lattice)

Metallic Substance (Conductor of heat?)

Good conductors of heat (due to vibration of metal ions which transfer the heat

Metallic substances (Hardness?)

Differ in hardness (strong attraction between cations and valence electrons).

Molecular substances (m.p and b.p?)

Very little heat is required to break the intermolecular forces

Molecular substances(Hardness?)

Generally soft (the forces between molecules are weak

Molecular substances (Brittle?)

May be brittle (but not as brittle as ionic or covalent lattices).

Molecular substance (Electricity conductor?)

Do not conduct electricity in the solid or liquid states (no charged particles available).

Properties of Graphite (Hardness?)

relatively soft weak bonding between layers

Are ionic solids brittle? Why?

Yes, because if a large force is applied to them, their ions would line up in such a way that they would repel each other and the crystal would shatter.

Properties of Graphite (Brittle?)

is brittle (its easy to separate graphite crystals along the lines between layers)

Properties of Graphite (Melting Point)

Has very high melting (3730°C) and boiling points (4830°C)